电动汽车退役动力电池中LiFePO4材料再生利用研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2023-0522

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着“碳达峰、碳中和”目标的提出，新型环保的储能器件迎来了极大的发展前景。特别是，锂离子电池（LiB）凭借其能量密度高、使用寿命长等诸多优势在众多储能器件中脱颖而出。磷酸铁锂（LiFePO₄）材料由于具有热稳定性好、循环次数高、服役时间长、无记忆效应等优势迅速成为电动汽车动力电池正极材料的主流。随着大规模LiFePO₄型电池退役浪潮的到来，如何处置和利用这些废旧电池已成为国内外亟需解决的热点问题。以LiFePO₄型电池的失效机理为基准，从宏观和微观两个角度分析了废LiFePO₄材料再生前后的变化，并从补偿锂和构建还原环境两个维度对废LiFePO₄材料直接再生技术的相关研究进展进行了综述，明确提出废LiFePO₄正极材料更适合走直接再生的回收路径，以期实现废LiFePO₄材料的科学回收。

关键词: 退役LiFePO₄电池, 直接再生, 锂修复, 构建还原环境

Abstract:

With the goal of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality proposed，new environmentally friendly energy storage devices have ushered in great development.Especially，lithium⁃ion batteries（LiB） stand out among many energy storage devices due to their high energy density and long service life.Lithium iron phosphate（LiFePO₄） material has become the mainstream of cathode materials for electric vehicle power batteries due to its advantages of good thermal stability，high cycle times，long service time，and no memory effect.With the advent of the wave of large⁃scale LiFePO₄ battery retirement，how to dispose of and utilize these spent batteries has become a hot issue that needs to be solved urgently at home and abroad.Based on the failure mechanism of LiFePO₄ batteries，the changes of spent LiFePO₄ materials before and after regeneration from both macro and micro perspectives were analyzed，and the research progress of direct recycling technology of spent LiFePO₄ materials from the dimensions of lithium compensation and construction of reducing environment was reviewed.It was clearly proposed that spent LiFePO₄ cathode materials were more suitable for direct regeneration，in order to realize the scientific recycling of spent LiFePO₄ materials.

Key words: retired LiFePO₄ battery, direct regeneration, lithium repair, construction of reducing environment

中图分类号:

TM911

徐晶, 王大辉, 陈怀敬, 郭永琪, 郑阳. 电动汽车退役动力电池中LiFePO₄材料再生利用研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2024, 56(8): 1-8.

XU Jing, WANG Dahui, CHEN Huaijing, GUO Yongqi, ZHENG Yang. Research progress on regeneration utilization of LiFePO₄ materials in retired power batteries of electric vehicles[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2024, 56(8): 1-8.

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	元素质量分数/%			元素物质的量比
	Li	P	Fe	n（Li）/ n（P）	n（Li）/n（Fe）
C-LFP材料	4.44	18.48	33.27	1.07	1.07
R-LFP-Li₂DHBN材料	4.14	18.2	30.98	1.01	1.07
R-LFP-Li₂CO₃材料	4.41	18.11	32.36	1.08	1.09
R-LFP-LiOH材料	4.46	18.41	32.14	1.08	1.11
S-LFP材料	3.84	18.5	32.26	0.92	0.98

再生方法	S-LFP材料电化学性能	R-LFP材料电化学性能
高温固相法^［17］	0.2C时100 mA·h/g；100次循环后容量保持率达到95%	0.2C时147.3 mA·h/g；100次循环后容量保持率达到95%
水热法^［18］	0.2C时100.7 mA·h/g；100次循环后容量保持率达到76.2%	1C时135.9 mA·h/g；100次循环后容量保持率达到99%
电化学锂化法^［19］		1C时135.2 mA·h/g；500次循环后容量保持率达到95.3%
石墨预锂化法^［20］	0.5C时65.3 mA·h/g；200次循环后容量保持率达到16.8%	0.5C时126.6 mA·h/g；200次循环后容量保持率达到65.5%
隔膜预锂化法^［21］	1C时78.5 mA·h/g；292次循环后容量保持率达到18.1%	0.05C时152 mA·h/g；150次循环后容量保持率达到85.3%
低共熔溶剂^［22］	0.5C时129 mA·h/g；100次循环后容量保持率达到83%	0.5C时145 mA·h/g；100次循环后容量保持率达到90%

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电动汽车退役动力电池中LiFePO₄材料再生利用研究进展

Research progress on regeneration utilization of LiFePO₄ materials in retired power batteries of electric vehicles

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