无机盐工业 ›› 2022, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (7): 18-26.doi: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2021-0385
收稿日期:
2021-06-22
出版日期:
2022-07-10
发布日期:
2022-07-14
作者简介:
管若伶(1990— ),女,博士,讲师,从事海水资源综合利用研究;E-mail:基金资助:
Received:
2021-06-22
Published:
2022-07-10
Online:
2022-07-14
摘要:
电去离子技术作为将电渗析及离子交换技术有效结合的新一代的水处理技术,因其绿色、环保、经济的优势,成为了现代主要的纯水制备技术,广泛应用于工商业领域。在研究分析电去离子技术的基本原理及工作机理的基础上,对现有淡室的填充材料及填充方式进行了总结分析,得出混合填充为最佳方式,且未来可加强对离子交换纤维膜材料的开发,减少电去离子技术工艺处理时间。最后,对电去离子技术的发展历程及近10 a的技术应用情况进行综述,未来可推进电去离子技术广泛应用于无机离子提取等领域。对新型无膜电去离子技术的机理研究有利于该项技术后期大规模的产业化应用。
中图分类号:
管若伶,胡湘. 电去离子技术及其应用进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2022, 54(7): 18-26.
GUAN Ruoling,HU Xiang. Progress on electrodeionization technology and its application[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2022, 54(7): 18-26.
表1
3种填充材料的对比[16-21]
材料类型 | 特点 | 应用发展 | |
---|---|---|---|
离子交 换树脂 | 大孔型 树脂 | 大孔型树脂内部由孔径为几十至几百纳米以上的永久性物理孔和交联度很大的凝胶结构组成。 | 大孔型树脂的孔道比一般凝胶型树脂更多、更大,孔体积更大,离子容易迁移扩散,交换速度快,但因此特点,使其体积交换容量(固定基团浓度)比凝胶型树脂低10%~20%,产水水质差,膜堆电阻大。故相比之下,凝胶型树脂是目前工业使用的最优填充材料。国内外多数研究人员均对该类填充材料做出了细致的研究,并不断研发出性能较好的离子交换树脂。 |
凝胶型 树脂 | 在溶胀状态下凝胶型树脂的凝胶孔径仅几纳米,树脂固定基团浓度高、分布更合理;交联度低,对离子阻力小。 | ||
离子交 换纤维 | 与离子交换树脂相比,其具有开放性的长链,不易形成沉淀及腐蚀现象,装置内部水流阻力小,可持久稳定进行离子交换且保持较优的交换速率,材料填充方便。 | 刘慧等设计三淡二浓膜堆结构,分别填充离子交换非织造布和离子交换树脂,分析两种材料的实验结果,得出离子交换非织造布出水电导率明显优于离子交换树脂,前者填充的淡室出水电导率下降至10%,且浓室出水电导率是填充离子交换树脂的10倍,淡室出水的铜离子去除率达100%。刘惠然等用离子交换纤维填充制备超纯水,在一定的条件下可达到与填充离子交换树脂的EDI装置相同的水质要求,水质达到稳定的时间显著缩短。因此,它是理论上的理想填充材料,但由于技术等方面的缺失,目前并未工业化。 | |
成型离子 交换材料 | 其是将离子交换树脂通过聚合物黏结剂黏连,再利用模板挤压成型,将阴、阳离子交换树脂制成一定形状的多孔可渗透离子交换材料。 | 该类材料为离子交换树脂的延伸,只是通过加工使制得的材料更为方便填充,以适合不同领域使用。格莱格水处理公司制得的成型离子交换材料,可稳定生产11.2 MΩ·cm的纯水。与此相类似的交换材料还有一种树脂薄片,实验成果可达到70%的脱盐率。 |
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