SiO2气凝胶/纤维复合材料的耐紫外老化性能研究

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0466

无机盐工业 ›› 2025, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (9): 53-60.doi: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0466

SiO₂气凝胶/纤维复合材料的耐紫外老化性能研究

康壮苏¹, 范传斌²^,³, 施方长⁴, 陈焕勇²^,³(), 姚志安²^,³, 贾帅德⁵, 康大伟⁵, 闵亮⁴, 李佳⁶, 孟庆坤⁵, 戚继球⁵()

1.中国矿业大学桥隧抗火材料研究中心，江苏徐州 221116
2.广东省公路建设有限公司，广东广州 510699
3.深中通道管理中心，广东中山 528400
4.江苏中矿大正表面工程技术有限公司，江苏徐州 221000
5.中国矿业大学材料与物理学院，江苏徐州 221116
6.江苏大正智安科技有限公司，江苏南京 210036

收稿日期:2024-08-21 出版日期:2025-09-10 发布日期:2024-11-22
通讯作者: 陈焕勇（1978— ），男，硕士，正高级工程师，研究方向为抗火材料研究；E-mail：58568000@qq.com。
戚继球（1983— ），男，博士，教授，研究方向为抗火材料研究；E-mail：qijiqiu@cumt.edu.cn。
作者简介:康壮苏（1972— ），男，正高级工程师，研究方向为抗火材料研究。
基金资助:
徐州市科技成果转化项目(KC22441)

Study on durability of silica aerogel/fiber composites under ultraviolet aging

KANG Zhuangsu¹, FAN Chuanbin²^,³, SHI Fangchang⁴, CHEN Huanyong²^,³(), YAO Zhian²^,³, JIA Shuaide⁵, KANG Dawei⁵, MIN Liang⁴, LI Jia⁶, MENG Qingkun⁵, QI Jiqiu⁵()

1. Research Center for Bridge and Tunnel Refractory Materials，China University of Mining and Technology，Xuzhou 221116，China
2. Guangdong Provincial Highway Construction Co. ，Ltd. ，Guangzhou 510699，China
3. Shenzhen-Zhongshan Corridor Management Center，Zhongshan 528400，China
4. Jiangsu Zhongkuang Dazheng Surface;Engineering Technology Co. ，Ltd. ，Xuzhou 221000，China
5. School of Materials and Physics，China University of;Mining and Technology，Xuzhou 221116，China
6. Jiangsu Dazheng Zhi'an Technology Co. ，Ltd. ，Nanjing 210036，China

Received:2024-08-21 Published:2025-09-10 Online:2024-11-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以正硅酸乙酯作为硅源，三甲基氯硅烷作为疏水改性剂，玄武岩纤维、玄武岩纤维-高硅氧纤维复合材料、高硅氧纤维作为基体材料，通过溶胶-凝胶法和超临界干燥技术制备出3种SiO₂气凝胶复合材料，探究紫外环境下气凝胶复合材料微观结构与性能变化。结果表明紫外老化测试前，纤维作为复合材料的骨架被气凝胶紧密包裹，两者之间形成紧密结合。老化测试后玄武岩纤维/气凝胶复合材料、玄武岩纤维-高硅氧纤维/气凝胶复合材料及高硅氧纤维/气凝胶复合材料表面均出现了微坑状结构，少量纤维从气凝胶中脱离，气凝胶结构也开始变得松散，力学性能分别降低了9.8%、11.9%、9.1%，热导率则上升了8.3%、8.5%、5.4%。基于等效辐射量理论建立自然环境下紫外老化寿命的预测方程，以力学性能衰退低于10%作为失效阈值，预测其自然环境下紫外老化寿命分别为10.0、10.8、10.9 a。3种气凝胶复合材料均呈现出桥梁紫外辐射环境下长期稳定服役的潜力，有望应用于桥梁防火领域。

关键词: 桥梁防火, 气凝胶复合材料, 紫外老化, 抗拉强度, 隔热性能

Abstract:

With tetraethoxysilane as silicon source，trimethylchlorosilane as hydrophobic modifier，basalt fiber，basalt fiber high silica fiber composite and high silica fiber as matrix materials，three kinds of SiO₂ aerogel composites were prepared by sol-gel method and supercritical drying technology，and the changes of microstructure and performance of aerogel composites under ultraviolet environment were explored.The results showed that before the ultraviolet aging test，the fiber as the framework of the composite was tightly wrapped by the aerogel，and the two formed a close combination.After the test，the basalt fiber/aerogel composites，basalt fiber high silica fiber/aerogel composites and high silica fiber/aerogel composites all had micro pit structures on their surfaces.A small number of fibers were separated from the aerogel，and the aerogel structure was also becoming loose.The mechanical properties were reduced by 9.8%，11.9%，and 9.1%，respectively，while the thermal conductivity was increased by 8.3%，8.5%，and 5.4%.Based on the theory of equivalent radiation，the prediction equation of UV aging life in natural environment was established.Taking the decline of mechanical properties below 10% as the failure threshold，the ultraviolet aging life in natural environment was predicted to be 10.0，10.8，and 10.9 a，respectively.The three aerogel composites showed the potential of long-term stable service in the ultraviolet radiation environment of bridges，and were expected to be used in the field of bridge fire prevention.

Key words: bridge fire protection, aerogel composites, ultraviolet aging, tensile strength, thermal insulation performance

中图分类号:

TQ127.2

康壮苏, 范传斌, 施方长, 陈焕勇, 姚志安, 贾帅德, 康大伟, 闵亮, 李佳, 孟庆坤, 戚继球. SiO₂气凝胶/纤维复合材料的耐紫外老化性能研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2025, 57(9): 53-60.

KANG Zhuangsu, FAN Chuanbin, SHI Fangchang, CHEN Huanyong, YAO Zhian, JIA Shuaide, KANG Dawei, MIN Liang, LI Jia, MENG Qingkun, QI Jiqiu. Study on durability of silica aerogel/fiber composites under ultraviolet aging[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2025, 57(9): 53-60.

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类别	衰退率/%	A	B	C	实验室紫外老化寿命t/d	自然紫外老化寿命T/a
BF/AC	5	0	-13.306 3		45	2.8
	10			1 005.348	162	10.0
	15				279	17.0
BF- HSGF/AC	5	-2.209 9	0.517 4		120	7.4
	10			767.519	174	10.8
	15				216	13.3
HSGF/AC	5	-0.925 8	-7.956 0		114	7.0
	10			745.841	177	10.9
	15				231	14.2

类别	衰退率/%	A	B	C	实验室紫外老化寿命t/d	自然紫外老化寿命T/a
BF/AC	5	0	0.000 245		105	6.5
	10			0.019 33	222	14.0
	15				342	21.0
BF- HSGF/AC	5	0	0.000 283		54	3.3
	10			0.020 42	159	9.9
	15				264	16.3
HSGF/AC	5	0	0.000 171		165	10.2
	10			0.020 27	342	21.1
	15				519	32.0

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SiO₂气凝胶/纤维复合材料的耐紫外老化性能研究

Study on durability of silica aerogel/fiber composites under ultraviolet aging

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