磷石膏煅烧工艺进展分析

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2022-0451

Abstract

Abstract:

As the primary industrial by-product of gypsum，phosphogypsum could be prepared by calcination to obtain building material gypsum powder.The characteristics and advantages as well as the disadvantages of existing phosphogypsum calcination processes at home and abroad were summarized.In view of the existing calcination processes such as frying pan，rotary kiln，boiling furnace，Peter grinding，FC-boiling furnace，hammer crushing and so on，there were some technical and equipment problems，such as unstable product quality，poor controllability，single function，high energy consumption and high investment，thereby the fluidized bed calcination process was proposed.The characteristics and technological innovation advantages with large-scale fluidization，product diversification，dry purification green and environmental protection were highlighted.Moreover，it was also compared with the current mainstream calcination process product performance index.It was analyzed that quality stability，controllability and performance index of the fluidized bed calcination phosphogypsum technology product were superior，which would become the future phosphogypsum preparation of building materials gypsum powder mainstream technology means.And it could provide guidance value for the calcination and resource utilization of phosphogypsum eventually in China.

Key words: phosphogypsum, calcination technology, gypsum powder of building materials, fluidized-bed

CLC Number:

TQ126.3

LI Heng, ZHANG Hui, ZI Xuemin. Analysis on calcination process progress of phosphogypsum[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2023, 55(6): 27-35.

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分类依据	煅烧类型	优势	缺陷	典型工艺设备
煅烧时长	低温慢烧	相组成稳定，凝结速度慢，标准稠度需水量小	传热速度较慢，脱水时间长，生产效率低，能耗高	炒锅、间接式回转窑
	高温快烧	一定程度上脱除及稳定杂质，设备投资低、生产效率高	易生成无水石膏AⅢ和AⅡ，工艺控制难度较大，建筑石膏质量波动较大	气流煅烧、直接式回转窑II型
	复合煅烧	降低物料温度，实现能源的梯级利用	工艺条件控制难度相对较大	气流烘干煅烧组合间接加热式沸腾炉（或炒锅）
加热方式	直热式	设备结构简单、造价低	排放尾气温度高，系统能耗大	直热式回转窑、彼得磨
加热方式	间接式	产品质量稳定，传热热阻小，换热效率高，外排的湿热空气量少、温度低，系统热能可实现梯级利用，降低生产综合能耗	设备总体造价高，维修保养复杂，工艺系统长，占地面积大	连续炒锅、内加热管式蒸汽回转窑或沸腾煅烧炉
出料方式	连续式	产品质量稳定，生产效率高，能耗低	工艺控制相比间歇式复杂	连续炒锅、沸腾炉
出料方式	间歇式	设备操作简单	产品质量波动大，生产效率低下，能耗高	间歇立式炒锅、间歇式回转窑
物料特性	一步法	工艺流程短，操作简单	产品质量不稳定，易过烧或欠烧	连续式炒锅、回转窑、沸腾炉、锤式烘干机
物料特性	两步法	比一步法制得的产品质量稳定	工艺控制相对困难	气流干燥器组合FC炉、气流干燥器组合沸腾炉

煅烧工艺	类型	石膏三相			2 h强度
煅烧工艺	类型	w （DH）/%	w （HH）/%	w （AⅢ）/%	抗折强度/MPa	抗压强度/MPa
炒锅	一步法	5.5	72.4	6.2	2.5	4.9
回转窑	两步法	3.2	75.7	5.2	2.9	5.4
沸腾炉	两步法	3.3	76.3	4.5	3.1	5.7
流化床	两步法	0.7	82.0	1.4	3.5	6.8

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Analysis on calcination process progress of phosphogypsum

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