湿法烟气脱硫技术应用现状及发展方向

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2022-0057

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着生态文明建设步伐的不断加快，人们对大气环境质量的要求越来越高，工业烟气中的二氧化硫作为主要污染物之一，其控制和减排对改善环境质量极为重要。综述了国内外湿法脱硫技术的研究进展，介绍了传统湿法脱硫技术的原理和应用现状，提出了主要存在的问题，比如：脱硫吸收剂的不可持续性和区域限制性、脱硫副产物的资源化利用及环境污染、脱硫系统设备的可靠性和运行的经济性等问题。对新型湿法脱硫技术的原理和研究重点进行了分析，指出研制并推广环境友好型和可循环利用的新型脱硫吸收剂、大力发展传统湿法脱硫副产物资源化利用技术、加快新型湿法脱硫技术成果转化是未来湿法脱硫技术的发展方向。

关键词: 二氧化硫排放量, 湿法脱硫技术, 吸收剂, 副产物利用

Abstract:

With the accelerating pace of ecological civilization construction，people′s requirements for atmospheric environmental quality are getting higher and higher.SO₂ is one of the main pollutants in industrial flue gas，and its control and emission reduction are extremely important to improve environmental quality.The research progress of wet desulfurization technology at home and abroad was summarized，the principle and application status of traditional wet desulfurization technology was introduced，and the main existing problems were puts forward，such as the unsustainability and regional limitation of desulfurization absorbent，the resource utilization and environmental pollution of desulfurization by-products，the reliability of desulfurization system equipment and the operation economy.The principle and research emphasis of new wet desulfurization technology were analyzed，and it was pointed out that the development direction of wet desulfurization technology in the future was to develop and popularize new environmentally friendly and recyclable desulfurization absorbent，vigorously develop the resource utilization technology of traditional wet desulfurization by-products，and accelerate the transformation of new wet desulfurization technology achievements.

Key words: SO₂ emission, wet desulfurization technology, absorbent, by-product utilization

中图分类号:

X773

华雯,吕瑞亮. 湿法烟气脱硫技术应用现状及发展方向[J]. 无机盐工业, 2022, 54(12): 10-18.

HUA Wen,LÜ Ruiliang. Application status and development direction of wet flue gas desulfurization technology[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2022, 54(12): 10-18.

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项目	吸收剂	脱硫效率/%	运行成本	副产物	二次污染	副产物利用	优点	缺点	应用现状
石灰石-石灰法^[12，22-24]	石灰、石灰石	约90	高	石膏	固废、废水	建筑材料	脱硫效果好，吸收剂廉价易得	系统易结垢，可靠性差，占地面积大	广泛应用
镁法^[29-31，34]	氧化镁	>90	较高	硫酸镁	固废、废水	镁肥	脱硫率高，适用范围广，副产物资源化技术多元化	吸收剂受区域性限制	市场占有率不足1%
氨法^[36-38]	氨水	90~99	较高	硫酸铵	气溶胶	氨肥	脱硫效率高，副产物附加值高	系统安全性要求高，且易发生二次污染	市场占有率为2%
海水法^[40]	海水	90	低	无	无	无	吸收剂充裕，运行成本低廉，目前无二次污染问题	吸收剂受区域性限制	市场占有率为3%
离子液循环法^[46]	有机阴、阳离子	>98	高	高纯SO₂	废水	制酸、硫磺	脱硫效率高，副产物附加值高	易腐蚀，能耗高	实验室阶段
钠碱法^[47-48]	钠盐、碱液	98	—	高纯SO₂	无	高纯 SO₂	脱硫效率高，吸收剂可循环利用，副产物附加值高	氧化副反应易发生，投资成本高	部分应用
氨酸法^[49-50]	氨水	95~99	高	硫酸铵、硫酸	无	制酸、氨肥	脱硫效率高，副产物附加值高	投资成本高	低浓度SO₂行业广泛应用
膜气体吸收法^[52-54]	海水、氨水	98	—	硫酸铵	无	氨肥	脱硫效率高，副产物附加值高	投资运行成本高	实验室阶段

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