铵（氨）循环工艺的原理及应用

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2021-0523

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在化工生产中常需要使用酸碱参与反应，酸碱的消耗不仅增加了生产成本，还会排放含酸碱的废渣或废液而危害环境。铵（氨）循环工艺可作为解决上述问题的一个有效方法。在铵（氨）循环工艺中，铵（NH₄⁺）与某些物料反应，同时铵转化为氨（NH₃）；再用氨与物料反应，氨重新转化为铵，获得铵（氨）循环使用。铵（氨）循环反应结束后获得了产品，但铵和氨在工艺内循环使用，形成闭路循环，不仅避免了酸碱等物质的消耗和排放，甚至在某些情况下还能达到理论上100%的反应原子利用率。由于铵（氨）循环工艺绿色环保，可生产高附加值的产品，具有很高的工业应用价值。铵（氨）循环工艺在制备或提取纯碱、碳酸钙、氧化铝和氢氧化镁等领域已展示了独特的优势，介绍了氨（铵）循环工艺在化工领域的一些应用，以期让此工艺为更多产品的生产提供借鉴和参考。

关键词: 铵循环, 氨循环, 蒸氨, 气相氨, 氨碱法, 环境友好

Abstract:

It is often necessary to use acid and alkali to participate in the reaction in chemical production.The consumption of acid and alkali not only increases the production cost，but also discharges the waste residue or liquid containing acid and alkali，which endangers the environment.Ammonium（ammonia） circulation process can be employed as an effective method to solve the above problems.In the ammonium（ammonia） circulation process，ammonium（NH₄⁺） reacts with certain materials and converts into ammonia（NH₃）；then ammonia reacts with the materials and reconverts into ammonium，and the obtained ammonium（ammonia） is recycled.After the ammonium（ammonia） circulation reaction，the product is obtained.However，the ammonium and ammonia are recycled in the process without discharge，which is recycled in the process to form a closed loop.It not only avoids the consumption and emission of acid，base and other substances，but also can achieve theoretically a 100% utilization rate of reacted atoms in some cases.Because the ammonium（ammonia） circulation process is green and envitonment-friendly and can produce high value-added products，it bears very high industrial application value.Ammonium（ammonia） circulation process has shown unique advantages in the preparation or extraction of soda ash，calcium carbonate，alumina oxide and magnesium hydroxide.Some applications of ammonium（ammonia） circulation process in chemical industry field were introduced，which was expected to provide reference for the promotion of this process in the production of more products.

Key words: ammonium circulation, ammonia circulation, ammonia evaporation, gaseous ammonia, ammonia soda, environmental friendly

中图分类号:

TQ126.2

王志远,窦泽伟,熊莉佳,范天博,刘云义,郭洪范. 铵（氨）循环工艺的原理及应用[J]. 无机盐工业, 2022, 54(8): 47-53.

WANG Zhiyuan,DOU Zewei,XIONG Lijia,FAN Tianbo,LIU Yunyi,GUO Hongfan. Principle and application of ammonium（ammonia） circulation process[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2022, 54(8): 47-53.

图/表 2

参考文献 36

1	DING Yang,LIU Yunyi,REN Yangyang，et al.Controllable synthesis of all the anhydrous CaCO₃ polymorphs with various morphologies in CaCl₂-NH₃-CO₂ aqueous system[J].Powder Technology, 2018, 333: 410-420.
2	叶有林.氨碱法纯碱生产工艺与设备的发展特征[J].化工设计通讯, 2019, 45(12): 121-122.
	YE Youlin.Development characteristics of soda ash production process and equipment by ammonia-alkali method[J].Chemical Engineering Design Communications, 2019, 45(12): 121-122.
3	马浴铭.碳酸钠溶液结晶抑制剂的制备与应用[J].无机盐工业, 2020, 52(8): 63-65.
	MA Yuming.Synthesis and application of sodium carbonate solution crystallization inhibitor[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry， 2020, 52(8): 63-65.
4	王景慧，罗润芝，刘英梅.纯碱生产技术的研究进展[J].煤炭与化工, 2020, 43(7): 123-125.
	WANG Jinghui,LUO Runzhi,LIU Yingmei.Research progress of soda ash production technology[J].Coal and Chemical Industry, 2020, 43(7): 123-125.
5	WANG Qiaoxin,LI Zhibao.A modified Solvay process with low-temperature calcination of NaHCO₃ using monoethanolamine: Solubility determination and thermodynamic modeling[J].AIChE Journal, 2019, 65(10）.Doi: 10.1002/aic.16701.
6	张可为，赵玉萍.氨碱法生产工艺和优化[J].内蒙古石油化工, 2019, 45(4): 53-54.
	ZHANG Kewei,ZHAO Yuping.The production process and optimization of Ammonia-alkali method[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry 2019, 45(4): 53-54.
7	丁杨，任洋洋，王丹，等.微乳液体系中形貌可控合成碳酸钙的研究[J].无机盐工业, 2017, 49(6): 33-36.
	DING Yang,REN Yangyang,WANG Dan，et al.Synthesis of calcium carbonate with controlled morphologies in microemulsion system[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2017, 49(6): 33-36.
8	王明，丁杨，闫红旭，等.碳化法形貌可控制备碳酸钙的研究[J].无机盐工业, 2018, 50(12): 33-36.
	WANG Ming,DING Yang,YAN Hongxu，et al.Study on morphology-controllable synthesis of calcium carbonate in carbonization process[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2018, 50(12): 33-36.
9	范天博，贾晓辉，韩冬雪，等.以白云石为原料氨碱法制备球霰石及其生成机理研究[J].无机盐工业, 2021, 53(5): 56-60.
	FAN Tianbo,JIA Xiaohui,HAN Dongxue，et al.Study on preparation of vaterite from dolomite by ammonia-alkali method and its mechanism[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2021, 53(5): 56- 60
10	范天博，李莉.一种利用白云石制备碳酸钙和氢氧化镁的方法及装置: 中国, 109354050B［P］.2021-04-16.
	FAN Tianbo,LI Li.A method and device for preparing calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide from dolomite: CN, 109354050B［P］.2021-04-16.
11	谭鑫，钟宏.白炭黑的制备研究进展[J].化工技术与开发, 2010, 39(7): 25-31.
	TAN Xin,ZHONG Hong.Research progress and preparation of amorphous silica[J].Technology & Development of Chemical Industry, 2010, 39(7): 25-31.
12	邵强，郭轶琼，朱春雨.中国沉淀法白炭黑产业发展现状及展望[J].无机盐工业, 2020, 52(7): 8-11.
	SHAO Qiang,GUO Yiqiong,ZHU Chunyu.Development status and prospect of precipitated silica industry in China[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2020, 52(7): 8-11.
13	邱明华，李强，念保义，等.白炭黑表面改性研究现状及进展[J].矿产综合利用, 2020（3): 40-47.
	QIU Minghua,LI Qiang,NIAN Baoyi，et al.Research status and development of precipitated silica surface modification[J].Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2020（3): 40-47.
14	WEHMEIER A,OCHENDUSZKO A,MASCHKE D，et al.Precipitated silica-morphology control[J].Kgk-kautschuk Gummikunststoffe, 2018, 71(6): 56-58.
15	罗道成，刘俊峰.硅酸盐矿物制白炭黑的研究进展[J].无机盐工业, 2008, 40(7): 10-12.
	LUO Daocheng,LIU Junfeng.Research progress on preparation of white carbon black from silicate ore[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2008, 40(7): 10-12.
16	朱宪，周忠华，杨超，等.氟化铵和氨循环法从脱腊脱油废白土中制取白炭黑[J].中国环境科学, 1998, 18(5): 84-87.
	ZHU Xian,ZHOU Zhonghua,YANG Chao，et al.The ammonium fluoride and ammonia closed cycle method for white carbon black production from dewaxed and deoiled waste clay[J].China Environmental Science, 1998, 18(5): 84-87.
17	杜泽林.氟化法制取白炭黑新工艺研究[J].无机盐工业, 1994, 26(2): 9-12.
	DU Zelin.Study on the new process for preparing silica by fluorination[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 1994, 26(2): 9-12.
18	孙浩程，回军，孙志强，等.润滑油精制废白土处理工艺的研究进展[J].现代化工, 2018, 38(10): 58-61.
	SUN Haocheng,HUI Jun,SUN Zhiqiang，et al.Research progress in treatment of waste bleaching clay from lubricant oil refining process[J].Modern Chemical Industry, 2018, 38(10): 58-61.
19	李晓光，丁书强，卓锦德，等.粉煤灰提取二氧化硅技术及工业化发展现状[J].无机盐工业, 2018, 50(12): 1-4.
	LI Xiaoguang,DING Shuqiang,ZHUO Jinde，et al.Progress of research and industrialization of extraction technologies of SiO₂ from fly ash[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2018, 50(12): 1-4.
20	WANG Ruochao,ZHAI Yuchun,WU Xiaowei，et al.Extraction of alumina from fly ash by ammonium hydrogen sulfate roasting technology[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2014, 24(5): 1596-1603.
21	赵剑宇，田凯.氟铵助溶法从粉煤灰提取氧化铝新工艺的研究[J].无机盐工业, 2003, 35(4): 40-41.
	ZHAO Jianyu,TIAN Kai.Study on extraction of aluminium oxide from fine coal ash by solubilization of ammonium fluoride[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2003, 35(4): 40-41.
22	高志娟，王相人.煤粉炉粉煤灰提取氧化铝活化技术研究进展[J].无机盐工业, 2021, 53(2): 24-27.
	GAO Zhijuan,WANG Xiangren.Research progress in alumina activation technology from pulverized-coal fly ash[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2021, 53(2): 24-27.
23	万亚萌，王宝庆，王丹，等.粉煤灰回收氧化铝工艺研究进展[J].无机盐工业, 2016, 48(11): 7-11.
	WAN Yameng,WANG Baoqing,WANG Dan，et al.Research progress of alumina recovery technology from coal fly ash[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2016, 48(11): 7-11.
24	曹君，方莹，范仁东，等.粉煤灰提取氧化铝联产二氧化硅的研究进展[J].无机盐工业, 2015, 47(8): 10-13.
	CAO Jun,FANG Ying,FAN Rendong，et al.Research progress of extracting alumina and silica from sly ash[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2015, 47(8): 10-13.
25	侯慧耀，陈永强，马保中，等.粉煤灰回收氧化铝工艺研究现状及进展[J].矿冶, 2021, 30(3): 30-39.
	HOU Huiyao,CHEN Yongqiang,MA Baozhong，et al.Research status and progress of alumina recovery from fly ash[J].Mining and Metallurgy, 2021, 30(3): 30-39.
26	赵丽，王立艳，肖姗姗，等.氢氧化镁阻燃剂制备研究进展[J].无机盐工业, 2018, 50(3): 16-19.
	ZHAO Li,WANG Liyan,XIAO Shanshan，et al.Research progress in preparation of magnesium hydroxide flame retardant[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2018, 50(3): 16-19.
27	闫红旭，徐梓淮， BATURE N S，等.MgCl₂溶液中杂质离子的存在对氨气法制备Mg（OH）₂粒径的影响[J].当代化工, 2019, 48(3): 445-448.
	YAN Hongxv,Zihuai XV,BATURE N S，et al.Effect of impurity ions in MgCl₂ solution on the size of Mg（OH）₂ particles prepared by gaseous ammonia methodfull text replacement[J].Contemporary Chemical Industry, 2019, 48(3): 445-448.
28	张晨洋，陈建铭，宋云华.菱镁矿混合氯化镁焙烧制备高纯氧化镁[J].无机盐工业, 2016, 48(12): 27-31.
	ZHANG Chenyang,CHEN Jianming,SONG Yunhua.Preparation of high purity magnesia from calcining magnesite mixed magnesium chloride[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2016, 48(12): 27-31.
29	石瑾，赵有璟，王敏.石灰法制备氢氧化镁工艺研究[J].无机盐工业, 2017, 49(9): 45-47.
	SHI Jin,ZHAO Youjing,WANG Min.Study on preparation of magnesium hydroxide by lime method[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2017, 49(9): 45-47.
30	GUO Hongfan,PEI Yansong,WANG Zhuo，et al.Preparation of Mg（OH）₂ with caustic calcined magnesia through ammonium acetate circulation[J].Hydrometallurgy, 2015, 152: 13-19.
31	GUO Hongfan,XIE Jiayang,HU Han，et al.Preparation of lamellar Mg（OH）₂ with caustic calcined magnesia through apparent hydration of MgO[J].Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2013, 52(38): 13661-13668.
32	刘云义，肇巍，李治涛，等.一种阻燃剂型氢氧化镁的生产方法: 中国，102417196A［P］.2012-04-18.
	LIU Yunyi,ZHAO Wei,LI Zhitao，et al.A production method of magnesium hydroxide flame retardant: CN，102417196A［P］.2012-04-18.
33	师兆忠，韩国邦，翟建华.采用硫铵循环法生产硝酸磷肥的可行性分析[J].化肥工业, 2002, 29(1): 20-22，61.
	SHI Zhaozhong,HAN Guobang,ZHAI Jianhua.Analysis of feasibility of nitrophosphate production by ammonium sulfate recycle[J].Journal of Chemical Fertilizer Industry, 2002, 29(1): 20-22，61.
34	张凌云，赵国军.冷冻法硝酸磷肥技术创新及国产化装置建设总结[J].化肥工业, 2019, 46(5): 6-11，72.
	ZHANG Lingyun,ZHAO Guojun.Summary of technical innovation of nitrophosphate produced by freezing method and the construction of domestic unit[J].Chemical Fertilizer Industry, 2019, 46(5): 6-11，72.
35	殷灵，李军，唐湘.硝酸磷肥生产新工艺研究[J].无机盐工业, 2014, 46(12): 50-53.
	YIN Ling,LI Jun,TANG Xiang.Study on new production technology of nitrophosphate fertilizer[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2014, 46(12): 50-53.
36	方进，李菊，孟品品，等.冷冻法硝酸磷肥副产粗硝钙液用于磷矿脱镁的研究[J].无机盐工业, 2021, 53(6): 180-184.
	FANG Jin,LI Ju,MENG Pinpin，et al.Study on by-product crude calcium nitrate solution of frozen nitrophosphate fertilizer for phosphate rock demagnesium[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2021, 53(6): 180-184.

[1]	熊萍,杨文振,李桥,孙秀云,韩卫清. 废磷酸盐与蒸氨废液共处理工艺研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2022, 54(2): 95-100.
[2]	丁珂1，孙晓君1，李会杰1，黄娜娜1，仇龙1，刘云义1，2，李雪1，2. 氧化镁蒸氨反应的动力学和机理研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2019, 51(11): 31-35.
[3]	赵启文, 屠兰英, 郭祖鹏, 林泽中. 蒸氨废液蒸发过程物性参数变化规律研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2014, 46(9): 66-.
[4]	蔡建国;蔡睿敏. 氨法制取纳米氧化锌的粒径控制研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2009, 0(8): 0-0.
[5]	刘厚凡;潘庆辉;周新木;等. 饲料级氧化锌生产中蒸氨－沉锌过程工艺研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2008, 0(5): 0-0.

首页

全国无机盐信息中心

中国化工学会

无机酸碱盐专业委员会