Inorganic Chemicals Industry >
Research progress on synthesis methods and influencing factors of SAPO-34 molecular sieve
Received date: 2025-01-24
Online published: 2025-10-27
The SAPO-34 molecular sieve，owing to its CHA topology，moderate acidity，excellent anti-coking properties，and superior hydrothermal stability，has been widely employed in various catalytic reactions.The synthesis methods of SAPO-34 molecular sieves were introduced briefly.Novel synthesis strategies such as nano-sizing and hierarchical pore structure regulation were introduced in detail.The principle and characteristics of the synthesis methods of nano SAPO-34 molecular sieve and hierarchical porous SAPO-34 molecular sieve were summarized.Subsequently，the factors influencing the synthesis of SAPO-34 molecular sieves were discussed，including precursor composition and ratio，structure-directing agents，seeds and crystallization conditions，all of which collectively affect crystallinity，crystal morphology，and particle size.Furthermore，the practical applications of SAPO-34 molecular sieves in catalytic reactions such as methanol-to-olefins（MTO） and selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia（NH3-SCR） were reviewed.Finally，prospects for achieving greener and more efficient synthesis of SAPO-34 molecular sieves were outlined.
Key words： molecular sieve; SAPO-34; synthesis methods; influencing factors
HOU Ming , BAI Ziyu , LIU Ruohan , YIN Chengyang . Research progress on synthesis methods and influencing factors of SAPO-34 molecular sieve[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2025 , 57(10) : 1 -10 . DOI: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2025-0054
| [1] | YU Wenhe， WU Xiaowen， CHENG Bohao，et al.Synthesis and applications of SAPO-34 molecular sieves［J］.Chemistry：A European Journal，2022，28（11）：e202102787. |
| [2] | RIMAZ S， KOSARI M， ZARINEJAD M，et al.A comprehensive review on sustainability-motivated applications of SAPO-34 molecular sieve［J］.Journal of Materials Science，2022，57（2）：848- 886. |
| [3] | 王男，魏迎旭，刘中民.甲醇制烯烃反应中的凝聚态化学［J］.化学进展，2023，35（6）：839-860. |
| WANG Nan， WEI Yingxu， LIU Zhongmin.Methanol to olefins （MTO）：A condensed matter chemistry［J］.Progress in Chemistry，2023，35（6）：839-860. | |
| [4] | SHEN Xuefeng， DING Jiajia， YE Yingchun，et al.Ingrown leading to hierarchical SAPO-34 with high catalytic activity［J］.Chemistry：Methods，2025，5（2）：e202400027. |
| [5] | WANG Qunfei， GAO Zhaojun， DING Zhaoyi，et al.Effect of Kaolin calcined temperature on the preparation and crystallization mechanism of SAPO-34 molecular sieve for methanol-to-olefins performance［J］.Microporous and Mesoporous Materials，2024，369：113037. |
| [6] | LI Meng， WANG Yihui， BAI Lu，et al.Solvent-free synthesis of SAPO-34 nanocrystals with reduced template consumption for methanol-to-olefins process［J］.Applied Catalysis A：General，2017，531：203-211. |
| [7] | WANG Ting， YANG Chengguang， LI Shenggang，et al.Solvent-free synthesis of Mg-incorporated nanocrystalline SAPO-34 zeolites via natural clay for chloromethane-to-olefin conversion［J］.ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering，2020，8（10）：4185-4193. |
| [8] | LI Zhihong， LI Xiaofeng， DI Chunyu，et al.A green and cost-effective synthesis of hierarchical SAPO-34 through dry gel conversion and its performance in a methanol-to-olefin reaction［J］.Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research，2021，60（43）：15380-15390. |
| [9] | ZHENG Jingwei， JIN Dongliang， LIU Zhiting，et al.Synthesis of nanosized SAPO-34 via an azeotrope evaporation and dry gel conversion route and its catalytic performance in chloromethane conversion［J］.Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research，2018，57（2）：548-558. |
| [10] | ALAM S F， KIM M Z， REHMAN A U，et al.Synthesis of SAPO-34 nanoplates with high Si/Al ratio and improved acid site density［J］.Nanomaterials，2021，11（12）：3198. |
| [11] | WANG Bin， SUN Chaoshu， ZHOU Rongfei，et al.A super-permeable and highly-oriented SAPO-34 thin membrane prepared by a green gel-less method using high-aspect-ratio nanosheets for efficient CO2 capture［J］.Chemical Engineering Journal，2022，442：136336. |
| [12] | ASKARI S， BASHARDOUST SIAHMARD A， HALLADJ R，et al.Different techniques and their effective parameters in nano SAPO-34 synthesis：A review［J］.Powder Technology，2016，301：268-287. |
| [13] | AZARHOOSH M J， HALLADJ R， ASKARI S，et al.Performance analysis of ultrasound-assisted synthesized nano-hierarchical SAPO-34 catalyst in the methanol-to-lights-olefins process via artificial intelligence methods［J］.Ultrasonics Sonochemistry，2019，58：104646. |
| [14] | MORADIYAN E， HALLADJ R， ASKARI S.Beneficial use of ultrasound in rapid-synthesis of SAPO-34/ZSM-5 nanocomposite and its catalytic performances on MTO reaction［J］.Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research，2018，57（6）：1871-1882. |
| [15] | EBADINEZHAD B， HAGHIGHI M.Texture evolution of mesoporous SAPO-34 via a hard-templating sono-hydrothermal method for biodiesel production：Influence of carbon materials on nanocatalyst design［J］.Applied Catalysis A：General，2020，595：117486. |
| [16] | EBRAHIMI A， HAGHIGHI M， AGHAMOHAMMADI S.Sono-precipitation fabrication of ZnO over modified SAPO-34 zeotype for effective degradation of methylene blue pollutant under simulated solar light illumination［J］.Process Safety and Environmental Protection，2022，165：307-322. |
| [17] | SCHMIDT F， PAASCH S， BRUNNER E，et al.Carbon templated SAPO-34 with improved adsorption kinetics and catalytic performance in the MTO-reaction［J］.Microporous and Mesoporous Materials，2012，164：214-221. |
| [18] | Yongyong NAN， MA Shizi， ZHA Fei，et al.Facile surfactant-assisted synthesis of nanosheet-like mesoporous SAPO-34 zeolites and catalysis performance for methanol to olefins［J］.Reaction Kinetics，Mechanisms and Catalysis，2022，135（4）：1987-1998. |
| [19] | SUN Chao， ZHAO Aijuan， WANG Yaquan，et al.Organosilane-assistant synthesis of hierarchical SAPO-34 aggregates with superior MTO performance［J］.Microporous and Mesoporous Materials，2021，310：110619. |
| [20] | ZHENG Tao， LIU Haiyan， HE Peng，et al.Post synthesis of hierarchical SAPO-34 via citric acid etching：Mechanism of selective desilication［J］.Microporous and Mesoporous Materials，2022，335：111798. |
| [21] | REN Shu， LIU Guojuan， WU Xian，et al.Enhanced MTO performance over acid treated hierarchical SAPO-34［J］.Chinese Journal of Catalysis，2017，38（1）：123-130. |
| [22] | PRAJAPATI R， JADAV D， PANDEY M，et al.Synthesis of hierarchical silicoaluminophosphate（SAPO） molecular sieves by post-synthetic modification and their catalytic application［J］.European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry，2022，2022（18）：e202200185. |
| [23] | ZHU Yingliang， DAI Haowen， DUAN Ying，et al.Excellent methanol to olefin performance of SAPO-34 crystal deriving from the mixed micropore，mesopore，and macropore architectu-re［J］.Crystal Growth & Design，2020，20（4）：2623-2631. |
| [24] | 郭红，赵增典，高晓亮，等.硅源与磷源对合成SAPO-34分子筛结构和形貌的影响［J］.硅酸盐通报，2017，36（5）：1801-1805. |
| GUO Hong， ZHAO Zengdian， GAO Xiaoliang，et al.Influence of different silicon source and phosphoric source on the structure and morphology of small gain SAPO-34 molecular sieves［J］.Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society，2017，36（5）：1801-1805. | |
| [25] | 梁光华，狄春雨，王龙，等.不同铝源合成SAPO-34分子筛及其MTO催化性能［J］.石油学报（石油加工），2014，30（5）：885-890. |
| LIANG Guanghua， DI Chunyu， WANG Long，et al.Effect of aluminum sources on the synthesis of SAPO-34 and its catalytic properties for MTO reaction［J］.Acta Petrolei Sinica（Petroleum Processing Section），2014，30（5）：885-890. | |
| [26] | RAHIMI K， TOWFIGHI J， SEDIGHI M，et al.The effects of SiO2/Al2O3 and H2O/Al2O3 molar ratios on SAPO-34 catalysts in methanol to olefins（MTO） process using experimental design［J］.Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry，2016，35：123-131. |
| [27] | LIU Zhao， WANG Quanyi， LIU Shiping，et al.Synthesis of SAPO-34 by utilizing spent industrial MTO catalyst and their catalytic applications［J］.Materials Today Sustainability，2023，21：100302. |
| [28] | ZHANG Ding， ZHOU Yang， CHU Ruizhi，et al.Research on double template agents to regulate the grain growth behavior of SAPO-34［J］.Microporous and Mesoporous Materials，2023，349：112428. |
| [29] | 张强，马晓月，刘璐.晶种存在形态对所合成的SAPO-34分子筛性质及其甲醇转化催化性能的影响［J］.燃料化学学报，2018，46（10）：1225-1230. |
| ZHANG Qiang， MA Xiaoyue， LIU Lu.Effect of seed form on the structure and properties of as-synthesized SAPO-34 molecular sieves and their catalytic performance in the conversion of methanol to olefins［J］.Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology，2018，46（10）：1225-1230. | |
| [30] | 郭智慧，朱伟平，郭磊.晶种对合成小晶粒SAPO-34分子筛的影响［J］.石油炼制与化工，2022，53（9）：56-64. |
| GUO Zhihui， ZHU Weiping， GUO Lei.Effect of seed crystals on hydrothermal systhesis of sapo-34 with small particle size［J］.Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals，2022，53（9）：56-64. | |
| [31] | VERKI M T， HALLADJ R， HABIBZADEH S，et al.Crystallization and particle size distribution of hydrothermally synthesized SAPO-34：An experimental and population balance study［J］.Scientific Reports，2025，15：6301. |
| [32] | KIANFAR E.Investigation of the effect of crystallization temperature and time in synthesis of SAPO-34 catalyst for the production of light olefins［J］.Petroleum Chemistry，2021，61（4）：527- 537. |
| [33] | YANG Guoju， HAN Ji， HUANG Yujun，et al.Busting the efficiency of SAPO-34 catalysts for the methanol-to-olefin conversion by post-synthesis methods［J］.Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering，2020，28（8）：2022-2027. |
| [34] | 陈旭，杨刚，李海涛.多级孔纳米SAPO-34分子筛制备及甲醇制烯烃性能研究［J］.无机盐工业，2024，56（1）：134-140. |
| CHEN Xu， YANG Gang， LI Haitao.Study on preparation of multistage pore nano-SAPO-34 molecular sieves and its methanol to olefin performance［J］.Inorganic Chemicals Industry，2024，56（1）：134-140. | |
| [35] | 申学峰，丁佳佳，刘红星.以两亲性单季铵盐分子为模板剂合成的多级孔SAPO-34分子筛［J］.无机化学学报，2023，39（11）：2065-2073. |
| SHEN Xuefeng， DING Jiajia， LIU Hongxing.Hierarchical SAPO-34 templated by amphiphilic single-quaternary-ammonium surfactants［J］.Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry，2023，39（11）：2065-2073. | |
| [36] | WU Jiaxin， DAI Mingzhi， YANG Bangming，et al.The effect of hierarchical pore structure SAPO-34 catalyst on the diffusion and reaction behavior in MTO reaction［J］.Chemical Engineering Journal，2024，482：148947. |
| [37] | Meng LYU， YANG Chengguang， LIU Ziyu，et al.Atmospheric pressure synthesis of nano-scale SAPO-34 catalysts for effective conversion of methanol to light olefins［J］.Sustainable Energy & Fuels，2019，3（11）：3101-3108. |
| [38] | JIN Wenlong， WANG Baojie， Pengfei TUO，et al.Selective desilication，mesopores formation，and MTO reaction enhancement via citric acid treatment of zeolite SAPO-34［J］.Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research，2018，57（12）：4231-4236. |
| [39] | SALIH H， MURAZA O， ABUSSAUD B，et al.Catalytic enhancement of SAPO-34 for methanol conversion to light olefins using in situ metal incorporation［J］.Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research，2018，57（19）：6639-6646. |
| [40] | ZHONG Jiawei， HAN Jingfeng， WEI Yingxu，et al.Catalysts and shape selective catalysis in the methanol-to-olefin（MTO） reaction［J］.Journal of Catalysis，2021，396：23-31. |
| [41] | 安怀清，周吉彬，张今令，等.再生时间对甲醇制烯烃催化剂水蒸气再生过程的影响［J］.化工进展，2022，41（1）：221-226. |
| AN Huaiqing， ZHOU Jibin， ZHANG Jinling，et al.Effect of regeneration time on steam regeneration of spent catalyst in methanol to olefins process［J］.Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress，2022，41（1）：221-226. | |
| [42] | ZHONG Jiawei， HAN Jingfeng， WEI Yingxu，et al.Enhancing ethylene selectivity in MTO reaction by incorporating metal species in the cavity of SAPO-34 catalysts［J］.Chinese Journal of Catalysis，2018，39（11）：1821-1831. |
| [43] | WANG Chang， YANG Liu， GAO Mingbin，et al.Directional construction of active naphthalenic species within SAPO-34 crystals toward more efficient methanol-to-olefin conversion［J］.Journal of the American Chemical Society，2022，144（46）：21408-21416. |
| [44] | YANG Liu， WANG Chang， ZHANG Lina，et al.Stabilizing the framework of SAPO-34 zeolite toward long-term methanol-to-olefins conversion［J］.Nature Communications，2021，12：4661. |
| [45] | CHEN Chuanmin， CAO Yue， LIU Songtao，et al.Review on the latest developments in modified vanadium-titanium-based SCR catalysts［J］.Chinese Journal of Catalysis，2018，39（8）：1347-1365. |
| [46] | 殷成阳，侯铭，杨爽，等.过渡金属改性Cu-SSZ-13分子筛脱硝催化剂研究进展［J］.化工进展，2023，42（6）：2963-2974. |
| YIN Chengyang， HOU Ming， YANG Shuang，et al.Research progress in transition metals modified Cu-SSZ-13 zeolite denitration catalysts［J］.Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress，2023，42（6）：2963-2974. | |
| [47] | YUAN Yuheng， GUAN Bin， CHEN Junyan，et al.Research status and outlook of molecular sieve NH3-SCR catalysts［J］.Molecular Catalysis，2024，554：113846. |
| [48] | SUN Lijing， YANG Miao， CAO Yi，et al.A reconstruction strategy for the synthesis of Cu-SAPO-34 with excellent NH3-SCR catalytic performance and hydrothermal stability［J］.Chinese Journal of Catalysis，2020，41（9）：1410-1420. |
| [49] | XIANG Xiao， WU Pengfei， CAO Yi，et al.Investigation of low-temperature hydrothermal stability of Cu-SAPO-34 for selective catalytic reduction of NO x with NH3 ［J］.Chinese Journal of Catalysis，2017，38（5）：918-927. |
| [50] | MI Yangyang， LI Gang， ZHENG Yuling，et al.Insights into novel mesoporous Cu-SAPO-34 with enhanced deNO x performance for diesel emission control［J］.Microporous and Mesoporous Materials，2021，323：111245. |
| [51] | WANG Xiaofeng， QIN Mengyue， XU Yang，et al.Improvement of Cu-SAPO-34 hydrothermal stability by tuning P/Al ratio for selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 ［J］.Journal of Colloid and Interface Science，2023，638：686-694. |
| [52] | HOU Jia， ZHONG Chengming， YIN Chengyang，et al.Effect of various templates-assisted Cu ion incorporation into SAPO-34 on low-temperature hydrothermal durability for NH3-SCR reaction［J］.Fuel，2024，369：131717. |
| [53] | CHEN Zhen， BIAN Ce， FAN Chi，et al.The role of Si coordination structures in the catalytic properties and durability of Cu-SAPO-34 as NH3-SCR catalyst for NO x reduction［J］.Chinese Chemical Letters，2022，33（2）：893-897. |
| [54] | XIAO Xia， XU Zhongliang， WANG Peng，et al.Solvent-free synthesis of SAPO-34 zeolite with tunable SiO2/Al2O3 ratios for efficient catalytic cracking of 1-butene［J］.Catalysts，2021，11（7）：835. |
| [55] | GUO Yanni， SU Zhuojun， MAO Wei，et al.Catalytic behavior of aluminum-modified SAPO-34 catalysts for reducing the energy penalty of CO2-rich amine solutions regeneration［J］.Separation and Purification Technology，2025，353：128327. |
| [56] | WANG Sen， ZHANG Li， WANG Pengfei，et al.Highly effective conversion of CO2 into light olefins abundant in ethene［J］.Chem，2022，8（5）：1376-1394. |
| [57] | ZHANG Peng， MA Lixuan， MENG Fanhui，et al.Boosting CO2 hydrogenation performance for light olefin synthesis over GaZrO x combined with SAPO-34［J］.Applied Catalysis B：Environmental，2022，305：121042. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |