Inorganic Chemicals Industry >
Defects，modification strategies and prospects of graphite anode materials for low temperature lithium-ion batteries
Received date: 2024-09-09
Online published: 2024-12-12
In recent years，with the rapid rise of the new energy industry，the application of lithium-ion batteries in various fields has continued to surge.However，the high performance of commercial lithium-ion batteries with graphite anodes can only be realized above 0 ℃，which limits the application of the batteries in low-temperature cold regions.In order to meet the demand for low-temperature applications of lithium-ion batteries，the mechanism was explored by analyzing the limiting factors of graphite low-temperature environments，providing insights into the key factors contributing to the poor low-temperature performance of lithium-ion batteries.It was focused on the feasible strategies and solutions to improve the low-temperature performance，and the latest progress in the engineering of low-temperature anode materials was reviewed in terms of structural design，morphology control，surface and interface modification，and multiphase materials.Finally，the problems to be solved in the field of low-temperature graphite anode materials were discussed.It was aimed to provide valuable insights and guidance for the development of next-generation LIBs with excellent low-temperature electrochemical properties.
LI Shuli , CHEN Shipeng , ZHANG Lingli , SHI Fanian . Defects，modification strategies and prospects of graphite anode materials for low temperature lithium-ion batteries[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2025 , 57(9) : 21 -29 . DOI: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0489
| [1] | CHEN Qiu， LUO Pan， LIAO Li，et al.Regulating diffusion coefficient of Li+ by high binding energy anion towards ultra-low temperature lithium-ion batteries［J］.Batteries & Supercaps，2024，7（11）：e202400246. |
| [2] | SCHIED T， NICKOL A， HEUBNER C，et al.Determining the diffusion coefficient of lithium insertion cathodes from GITT measurements：Theoretical analysis for low temperatures［J］.Chem Phys Chem，2021，22（9）：885-893. |
| [3] | GAO Yue， YAN Liangyu， ZHAO Cai，et al.Accurate calculation of solid-state Li+ diffusion coefficient and kinetic activation energies for an artificial graphite anode［J］.Journal of the Electrochemical Society，2024，171（2）：020558. |
| [4] | PARK J H， YOON H， CHO Y，et al.Investigation of lithium ion diffusion of graphite anode by the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique［J］.Materials，2021，14（16）：4683. |
| [5] | GUO Zixuan， HAN Xiaoshuai， ZHANG Chunmei，et al.Activation of biomass-derived porous carbon for supercapacitors：A review［J］.Chinese Chemical Letters，2024，35（7）：109007. |
| [6] | THENUWARA A C， SHETTY P P， MCDOWELL M T.Distinct nanoscale interphases and morphology of lithium metal electrodes operating at low temperatures［J］.Nano Letters，2019，19（12）：8664-8672. |
| [7] | UITZ M，EPP V， BOTTKE P，et al.Ion dynamics in solid electrolytes for lithium batteries［J］.Journal of Electroceramics，2017，38（2）：142-156. |
| [8] | 穆泊源，杨宗松，董伟，等.基于稻壳基无定形碳的负极材料对锂离子电池低温性能的影响［J］.功能材料，2024，55（4）：4019-4028，4050. |
| MU Boyuan， YANG Zongsong， DONG Wei，et al.The low temperature performance of rice husk based amorphous carbon as anode material for lithium-ion batteries［J］.Journal of Functional Materials，2024，55（4）：4019-4028，4050. | |
| [9] | DONG Liwei， YAN Huijuan， LIU Qingxiang，et al.Quantification of charge transport and mass deprivation in solid electrolyte interphase for kinetically-stable low-temperature lithium-ion batteri-es［J］.Angewandte Chemie International Edition，2024，63（43）：e202411029. |
| [10] | NICKOL A， SCHIED T， HEUBNER C，et al.GITT analysis of lithium insertion cathodes for determining the lithium diffusion coefficient at low temperature：Challenges and pitfalls［J］.Journal of the Electrochemical Society，2020，167（9）：090546. |
| [11] | LOVE C T， BATURINA O A， SWIDER-LYONS K E.Observation of lithium dendrites at ambient temperature and below［J］.ECS Electrochemistry Letters，2015，4（2）：A24-A27. |
| [12] | LU Xuekun， LAGNONI M， BERTEI A，et al.Multiscale dynamics of charging and plating in graphite electrodes coupling operando microscopy and phase-field modelling［J］.Nature Communications，2023，14：5127. |
| [13] | DRüE M， SEYRING M， RETTENMAYR M.Phase formation and microstructure in lithium-carbon intercalation compounds during lithium uptake and release［J］.Journal of Power Sources，2017，353：58-66. |
| [14] | ZHANG Wenjun， XU Datong， WANG Fengjue，et al.Element-doped graphitic carbon nitride：Confirmation of doped elements and applications［J］.Nanoscale Advances，2021，3（15）：4370-4387. |
| [15] | IM U S， HWANG J U， YUN J H，et al.The effect of mild activation on the electrochemical performance of pitch-coated graphite for the lithium-ion battery anode material［J］.Materials Letters，2020，278：128421. |
| [16] | ZHOU Junhua， MA Keni， LIAN Xueyu，et al.Eliminating graphite exfoliation with an artificial solid electrolyte interphase for stable lithium-ion batteries［J］.Small，2022，18（15）：2107460. |
| [17] | SHENG Yeliang， YUE Xinyang， HAO Wei，et al.Balancing the ion/electron transport of graphite anodes by a La-doped TiNb2O7 functional coating for fast-charging Li-ion batteries［J］.Nano Letters，2024，24（12）：3694-3701. |
| [18] | MATSUNAGA T， TAKAGI S， SHIMODA K，et al.Comprehensive elucidation of crystal structures of lithium-intercalated grap- hite［J］.Carbon，2019，142：513-517. |
| [19] | MANKA D， IVERS-TIFFéE E.Electro-optical measurements of lithium intercalation/de-intercalation at graphite anode surfac- es［J］.Electrochimica Acta，2015，186：642-653. |
| [20] | 张丽津，彭大春，何月德，等.氧化微扩层处理对天然鳞片石墨结构及其电化学性能的影响研究［J］.炭素技术，2016，35（6）：17-22. |
| ZHANG Lijin， PENG Dachun， HE Yuede，et al.Structure and electrochemical performance of flake graphite anode materials with mildly expanded interlayer by oxidation［J］.Carbon Techniques，2016，35（6）：17-22. | |
| [21] | 廖林，尹伟乐，叶昱昕.石墨化温度对人造石墨微观结构及电化学性能的影响［J］.炭素技术，2023，42（1）：46-50. |
| LIAO Lin， YIN Weile， YE Yuxin.Influence of graphitization temperature on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of artificial graphite［J］.Carbon Techniques，2023，42（1）：46-50. | |
| [22] | 王晓亮，杨绍斌，汉贻玉，等.少层石墨及其复合材料制备和电化学性能研究［J］.非金属矿，2015，38（6）：15-18. |
| WANG Xiaoliang， YANG Shaobin， HAN Yiyu，et al.Study on preparation and electrochemical property of few-layer graphite and its composite materials［J］.Non-Metallic Mines，2015，38（6）：15-18. | |
| [23] | WALDMANN T， HOGG B I， KASPER M，et al.Interplay of operational parameters on lithium deposition in lithium-Ion cells：Systematic measurements with reconstructed3-Electrode pouch full cells［J］.Journal of The Electrochemical Society，2016，163（7）： A1232-A1238. |
| [24] | YADEGARI H， KORONFEL M A， WANG Kang，et al.Operando measurement of layer breathing modes in lithiated graphite［J］.ACS Energy Letters，2021：1633-1638. |
| [25] | SETHURAMAN V A， HARDWICK L J， SRINIVASAN V，et al.Surface structural disordering in graphite upon lithium intercalation/deintercalation［J］.Journal of Power Sources，2010，195（11）：3655-3660. |
| [26] | LI Tong， CAO Yun， SONG Qiuchen，et al.A slightly expanded graphite anode with high capacity enabled by stable lithium-ion/metal hybrid storage［J］.Small，2024，20（40）：2403057. |
| [27] | 杜爱芳，张胜恩，路培中，等.高强度各向同性石墨材料的制备与研究［J］.炭素技术，2020，39（3）：41-44. |
| DU Aifang， ZHANG Sheng’en， LU Peizhong，et al.Study on the preparation of high strength isotropic graphite［J］.Carbon Techniques，2020，39（3）：41-44. | |
| [28] | 胡孔明.焦原料类型对人造石墨负极性能的影响［J］.有色冶金设计与研究，2024，45（3）：15-20. |
| HU Kongming.Influence of coke material types on the performance of artificial graphite negative electrode［J］.Nonferrous Metals Engineering & Research，2024，45（3）：15-20. | |
| [29] | 范青杰，宋岩，赖仕全，等.煤系针状焦原料在成焦过程中的XRD结构分析［J］.光谱学与光谱分析，2022，42（6）：1979-1984. |
| FAN Qingjie， SONG Yan， LAI Shiquan，et al.XRD structural analysis of raw material used as coal-based needle coke in the coking process［J］.Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis，2022，42（6）：1979-1984. | |
| [30] | YUAN Guanming， JIN Zhao， ZUO Xiaohua，et al.Effect of carbonaceous precursors on the structure of mesophase pitches and their derived cokes［J］.Energy & Fuels，2018，32（8）：8329-8339. |
| [31] | SHEN Ke， HUANG Zhenghong， HU Kaixin，et al.Advantages of natural microcrystalline graphite filler over petroleum coke in isotropic graphite preparation［J］.Carbon，2015，90：197-206. |
| [32] | HE Zhao， SONG Jinliang， WANG Zheng，et al.Comparison of ultrafine-grain isotropic graphite prepared from microcrystalline graphite and pitch coke［J］.Fuel，2021，290：120055. |
| [33] | SOLTANI HOSSEINI M， CHARTRAND P.Thermodynamics and phase relationship of carbonaceous mesophase appearing during coal tar pitch carbonization［J］.Fuel，2020，275：117899. |
| [34] | WANG Haibin， NING Guoqing， HE Xing，et al.Carbon quantum dots derived by direct carbonization of carbonaceous microcrystals in mesophase pitch［J］.Nanoscale，2018，10（45）：21492-21498. |
| [35] | 崔贝贝，王美君，常丽萍，等.炼焦煤成焦机理再认识：“衍构成焦机理”的提出［J］.煤炭学报，2024，49（6）：2826-2839. |
| CUI Beibei， WANG Meijun， CHANG Liping，et al.A renew cognition of coking mechanism：Proposing the“Structure Derivation Coking Mechanism”［J］.Journal of China Coal Society，2024，49（6）：2826-2839. | |
| [36] | HWANG J U， CHO J H， LEE J D，et al.Characteristics of an artificial graphite anode material for rapid charging：Manufactured with different coke particle sizes［J］.Journal of Materials Science：Materials in Electronics，2022，33（25）：20095-20105. |
| [37] | 王英，阮威，唐仁衡，等.不同粒径纳米硅制备Si@C/石墨负极材料及其电化学性能［J］.材料导报，2019，33（18）：3021-3025. |
| WANG Ying， RUAN Wei， TANG Renheng，et al.Preparation of Si@C/graphite anode materials with different particle size nanoscale-Si and their electrochemical properties［J］.Materials Reports，2019，33（18）：3021-3025. | |
| [38] | 丁晓博，黄倩晖，熊训辉.锂离子电池快充石墨负极研究与应用［J］.物理化学学报，2022，38（11）：95-110. |
| DING Xiaobo， HUANG Qianhui， XIONG Xunhui.Research and application of fast-charging graphite anodes for lithium-ion batteries［J］.Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica，2022，38（11）：95- 110. | |
| [39] | 穆江涛，杨林，王英新，等.提高锂离子电池天然石墨负极倍率性能研究［J］.炭素，2020（2）：5-12. |
| MU Jiangtao， YANG Lin， WANG Yingxin，et al.Investgation on improving the negative rate performance of natural graphite in lithium ion battery［J］.Carbon，2020（2）：5-12. | |
| [40] | CHEN Zhongyi， LIU Yan， ZHANG Yanzong，et al.Ultrafine layered graphite as an anode material for lithium ion batteries［J］.Materials Letters，2018，229：134-137. |
| [41] | WANG Guanyi， MIJAILOVIC A， YANG Jian，et al.Particle size effect of graphite anodes on performance of fast charging Li-ion batteries［J］.Journal of Materials Chemistry A，2023，11（40）：21793-21805. |
| [42] | 张鑫，雷维新，潘俊安，等.粒径级配对石墨基负极材料电化学性能的影响［J］.电源技术，2020，44（3）：318-321. |
| ZHANG Xin， LEI Weixin， PAN Jun′an，et al.Effects of particle size grading on electrochemical properties of graphite anode materials［J］.Chinese Journal of Power Sources，2020，44（3）：318- 321. | |
| [43] | 闻文，王慧艳，周静红，等.石墨负极颗粒对锂离子电池容量衰减及SEI膜生长影响的模拟研究［J］.化工学报，2024，75（1）：366-376. |
| WEN Wen， WANG Huiyan， ZHOU Jinghong，et al.Simulation study on the impact of graphite anode particles on lithium-ion battery capacity fading and SEI film growth［J］.CIESC Journal，2024，75（1）：366-376. | |
| [44] | CHOI Y J， LEE Y S， KIM J H，et al.Optimization of pore characteristics of graphite-based anode for Li-ion batteries by control of the particle size distribution［J］.Materials，2023，16（21）：6896. |
| [45] | WANG Cong， GAI Guosheng， YANG Yufen.Shape modification and size classification of microcrystalline graphite powder as anode material for lithium-ion batteries［J］.JOM，2018，70（8）：1392-1397. |
| [46] | LI Fusheng， WU Y S， CHOU J，et al.A mechanically robust and highly ion-conductive polymer-blend coating for high-power and long-life lithium-ion battery anodes［J］.Advanced Materials，2015，27（1）：130-137. |
| [47] | ZHENG Xueying， SHI Qiang， WANG Yan，et al.The role of carbon bond types on the formation of solid electrolyte interphase on graphite surfaces［J］.Carbon，2019，148：105-114. |
| [48] | WU Xuan， YANG Xuelin， ZHANG Fei，et al.Carbon-coated isotropic natural graphite spheres as anode material for lithium-ion batteries［J］.Ceramics International，2017，43（12）：9458-9464. |
| [49] | MARIN-MONTIN J， ZURITA-GOTOR M，MONTERO-CHACóN F.A numerical study of mechanical degradation of carbon-coated graphite active particles in Li-ion battery anodes［J］.Journal of the Electrochemical Society，2022，169（7）：070528. |
| [50] | GUO Jianqiang， LIU Shiqi， YANG Maoxia，et al.Outstanding low temperature performance of hollow carbon sphere@MnO2 anode based on pseudo-capacitive storage mechanism［J］.Journal of Alloys and Compounds，2023，937：168325. |
| [51] | LIU Wenping， XU Huarui， QIN Haiqing，et al.Rapid coating of asphalt to prepare carbon-encapsulated composites of nano-silicon and graphite for lithium battery anodes［J］.Journal of Materials Science，2020，55（10）：4382-4394. |
| [52] | DONG Xiaoli， WANG Yonggang， XIA Yongyao.Promoting rechargeable batteries operated at low temperature［J］.Accounts of Chemical Research，2021，54（20）：3883-3894. |
| [53] | LUO Dan， LI Ming， ZHENG Yun，et al.Electrolyte design for lithium metal anode-based batteries toward extreme temperature application［J］.Advanced Science，2021，8（18）：2101051. |
| [54] | KIM D S， CHUNG D J，BAE J，et al.Surface engineering of graphite anode material with black TiO2- x for fast chargeable lithium ion battery［J］.Electrochimica Acta，2017，258：336-342. |
| [55] | LEE S， KIM J， MOON J，et al.A cooperative biphasic MoO x -MoP x promoter enables a fast-charging lithium-ion batte-ry［J］.Nature Communications，2021，12：39. |
| [56] | KIM D S， KIM Y E， KIM H.Improved fast charging capability of graphite anodes via amorphous Al2O3 coating for high power lithi-um ion batteries［J］.Journal of Power Sources，2019，422：18- 24. |
| [57] | GAO Yang， ZHANG Jialiang， CHEN Yongqiang，et al.Improvement of the electrochemical performance of spent graphite by asphalt coating［J］.Surfaces and Interfaces，2021，24：101089. |
| [58] | LUO Jing， WU Changen， SU Linya，et al.A proof-of-concept graphite anode with a lithium dendrite suppressing polymer coating［J］.Journal of Power Sources，2018，406：63-69. |
| [59] | WANG Ziqi， WANG Zijian， YANG Luyi，et al.Boosting interfacial Li+ transport with a MOF-based ionic conductor for solid-state batteries［J］.Nano Energy，2018，49：580-587. |
| [60] | TANG Shun， ZHANG Xiaokun， LI Yan，et al.A fast ionic conductor and stretchable solid electrolyte artificial interphase layer for Li metal protection in lithium batteries［J］.Journal of Alloys and Compounds，2020，843：155839. |
| [61] | WANG Chaonan， XIE Yuansen， HUANG Yingshan，et al.Li3PO4-enriched SEI on graphite anode boosts Li+ de-solvation enabling fast-charging and low-temperature lithium-ion batteries［J］.Angewandte Chemie International Edition，2024，63（21）：e202402301. |
| [62] | HUANG Yingshan， WANG Chaonan， LV Haifeng，et al.Bifunctional interphase promotes Li+ de-solvation and transportation enabling fast-charging graphite anode at low temperature［J］.Advanced Materials，2024，36（13）：2308675. |
| [63] | AN Juan， WANG Fan， YANG Jiayue，et al.An ion-pumping interphase on graphdiyne/graphite heterojunction for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries［J］.CCS Chemistry，2024，6（1）：110-124. |
| [64] | NA Ying， SUN Xiaohong， FAN Anran，et al.Methods for enhancing the capacity of electrode materials in low-temperature lithium-ion batteries［J］.Chinese Chemical Letters，2021，32（3）：973- 982. |
| [65] | FLEUTOT B， DAVOISNE C， GACHOT G，et al.New chemical approach to obtain dense layer phosphate-based ionic conductor coating on negative electrode material surface：Synthesis way，outgassing and improvement of C-rate capability［J］.Applied Surface Science，2017，400：139-147. |
| [66] | LIU Yangyang， SHI Haodong， WU Zhongshuai.Recent status，key strategies and challenging perspectives of fast-charging grap-hite anodes for lithium-ion batteries［J］.Energy & Environmental Science，2023，16（11）：4834-4871. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |