Composite ecological board is a new type of environmental⁃friendly material，which is widely used in the fields of integrated kitchen cabinets，indoor decoration，and indoor flooring.To fabricate an innovative board with enhanced comprehensive performance and higher environmental value，the magnesium oxysulfide ecological board was investigated.By utilizing characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy（SEM），X-ray diffraction（XRD），apparent density testing，compressive strength testing，etc.，the impact of agricultural and forestry waste types and addition amounts on the structure and properties of the ecological board was explored.The results showed that the addition of wheat straw，sanding powder，and wood chips had no effect on the crystal structure of the magnesium oxysulfide⁃cement ecological board，and the main crystalline phase of all samples was MgO，MgCO₃，Mg（OH）₂，5Mg（OH）₂·MgSO₄·7H₂O，with peak intensity differences not obvious.Compared with sanding powder and wheat straw，the magnesium oxysulfide blocks with wood chips performed best.When the wood chips content was 0.3，the magnesium oxysulfide cement ecological board had the highest apparent density of 1 100 kg/m³ and the highest compressive strength of 16.6 MPa after curing for 28 days.The addition of wheat straw could effectively reduce the apparent density of the ecological board.When the content was 0.8，the apparent density was reduced to 402 kg/m³，and the compressive strength was maintained at 3.7 MPa after 28 days.This conclusion provided important basis for the research of lightweight magnesium oxysulfide cement ecological board materials，and had certain enlightening significance for the development of environmental⁃friendly magnesium cement building materials.