Yazhou pottery has an important role in the ceramic industry，and clay has an important impact on the performance of Yazhou pottery.In order to strengthen the research on Yazhou pottery，the chemical composition，particle size distribution，crystal phase composition，thermal properties and whiteness of Yazhou clay were investigated by chemical analysis methods，laser particle size analyzer，X-ray diffractometer，comprehensive thermal analyzer，WSB digital whiteness meter and other testing methods.The results showed that the Yazhou clay was mainly composed of quartz and perlite. The content of quartz was 59.34% and the content of perlite was 34.78%.The particle size of Yazhou clay had a wide distribution，and the particles with a particle size of less than 6.5 μm was accounted for 58.67%.The smaller particle size，the lower quartz content.On this basis，combined with the abundant phosphate rock resources in Qiannan，Guizhou，the effect of the addition of phosphate rock on the whiteness，hardness and phase composition of the Yazhou clay during the calcination process was studied.The studies showed that the whiteness of Yazhou clay first increased and then decreased with increasing temperature，reaching a maximum of 45.5% at 1 100 ℃.After adding the phosphate rock component，the whiteness increased to 54% at 1 100 ℃，and the solid solution formation temperature decreased during calcination，the sintering temperature decreased，which was accompanied by the production of anorthite minerals.