A novel hollow nanobelt α-Fe₂O₃（NB-α-Fe₂O₃） was successfully prepared by calcination of hydrogel precursor of melamine ferric nitrate supramolecular.Using NB-α-Fe₂O₃ as photocatalyst,the influence of the amount of catalyst and H₂O₂ on the performance of photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B（RhB） were discussed,and the stability of the catalyst was investigated.The morphology,structure and composition of the as-prepared NB-α-Fe₂O₃ were analyzed by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,transmission electron microscopy（HR-TEM）,surface area tester（BET） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）.The results showed that the prepared iron oxide belonged to α crystal phase and had good crystallinity,and the hollow nanobelt was assembled by α-Fe₂O₃ particles with 40~70 nm diameter.The effects of different amount of catalyst and hydrogen peroxide on the photocatalytic degradation of RhB were investigated.It was found that the optimal amount of catalyst and hydrogen peroxide were 30 mg and 0.5 mL,respectively.Under suitable conditions,after four cycles of visible light degradation RhB,the degradation efficiency of NB-α-Fe₂O₃ could still reach 96.8%.The as-prepared NB-α-Fe₂O₃ had good photocatalytic activity and stability.