Aluminum-based lithium adsorbent[LiCl·2Al（OH）₃·nH₂O] was synthesized with LiCl and anhydrous AlCl₃ as raw materials by one-step method,and the reaction conditions was optimized by orthogonal experiment.The effects of adsorption time,adsorption temperature,initial pH and initial Li⁺ concentration on adsorption performance were investigated.The inorganic aluminum adsorption materials were characterized before and after adsorption.The selectivity of ion adsorption and stability of adsorbent were also discussed.The results showed that the optimum adsorption condition was 2 h in lithium solution with pH=7 at 45 ℃,and the adsorption capacity reached 8.66 mg/g.The results of XRD and FT-IR showed that the adsorbent material had good stability.The Li⁺ distribution coefficient of adsorbent（K=10.06） was much higher than that of other metalcations.After 5 cycles of adsorption,the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent can still maintain 91.5% of original value.And the lithium adsorption amount in Tibet Longmucuo brine reached 5.24 mg/g.The fitting results of adsorption equilibrium data showed that the adsorption of Al-based lithium adsorbent conforms to the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model,and the adsorption belongs to single layer adsorption which occurred on the surface of the adsorbent.The adsorption process accords with pseudo-second-order kinetics equation,which is a typical chemical adsorption process.