Abstract: The organic bentonite was synthesized by using a cationic surfactant-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(HMMB)in the field of microwave.The adsorptive characteristics of organic bentonite to lead and phenol in water has been studied.The research results showed that the interlayer space of organic montmorillonite has been enlarged obviously.The removal rate of lead in water was over 90% and the removal rate of phenol was about 80%.The adsorption isotherms of organic bentonite for contaminants met the Freundlich adsorption equation.The adsorption of organic bentonite for organic contaminants was distribution of the adsorbent between water phase and organic phase and for the inorganic contaminants was electrostatic adsorption and ion-exchange adsorption.