以盐湖提钾副产物水氯镁石为镁源，六水氯化铝为铝源，采用共沉淀法制备了镁铝水滑石（MgAl-LDH），将其高温焙烧后得到层状双金属氧化物（LDO），采用水化重构法制得十二烷基硫酸钠改性的镁铝水滑石（S-MgAl-LDH）。用X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、N₂吸脱附手段对材料的微观结构进行表征。以MgAl-LDH和S-MgAl-LDH为吸附剂，研究溶液pH、时间、温度和初始浓度等对溶液中Pb²⁺的吸附性能影响。结果表明：十二烷基硫酸钠改性的镁铝水滑石对Pb²⁺的吸附性能显著提升，328 K时S-MgAl-LDH对Pb²⁺的最大吸附容量为220.85 mg/g，吸附参数符合准二级动力学和Langmuir模型，吸附过程为单层吸附并受化学作用控制；吸附反应的∆H^{\mathrm{ɵ}}为正值，∆G^{\mathrm{ɵ}}为负值，表明吸附过程自发且吸热；吸附机理主要包括表面络合、层间螯合、沉淀及同晶置换。研究结果为提钾副产物水氯镁石的开发和高值化利用开拓了新途径，并展现出S-MgAl-LDH在重金属离子污染方面的应用潜力。

Magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite（MgAl-LDH） was prepared by coprecipitation method using hydrochlorite as magnesium source and aluminum chloride hexahydrate as aluminum source.The layered bimetallic oxide（LDO） was obtained after roasting at high temperature.Sodium dodecyl sulfate（SDS） modified Mg-Al hydrotalcite（S-MgAl-LDH） was prepared by hydration reconstruction method.The microstructure of the materials was characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD），Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR），scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and N₂ adsorption and desorption.The adsorption properties of Pb²⁺ onto MgAl LDH and S-MgAl-LDH were studied with pH，time，temperature and initial concentration of the solution.The results showed that the adsorption performance of Mg-Al hydrotalc for Pb²⁺ was significantly improved after SDS modification.The maximum adsorption capacity of S-MgAl-LDH for Pb²⁺ at 328 K was 220.85 mg/g，and the adsorption parameters were consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir model，indicating that the adsorption process was single-layer adsorption and controlled by chemical action.The positive values of ∆H^{\mathrm{ɵ}} and negative values of ∆G^{\mathrm{ɵ}} indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic.The adsorption mechanism mainly included surface complexation，interlayer chelation，precipitation，and isomorphic substitution.This study opened up a new way for the development and high-value utilization of hydrochloromagnite，a by-product of potassium extraction，and showed the application potential of S-MgAl-LDH in heavy metal ion pollution.