盐湖卤水电化学提锂技术研究进展
收稿日期: 2024-08-14
网络出版日期: 2024-10-21
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(U20A20141);国家自然科学基金项目(U23A20119);青海省应用基础研究计划(2023-ZJ-734)
Research progress of electrochemical extraction of lithium from salt lake brine
Received date: 2024-08-14
Online published: 2024-10-21
随着新能源汽车、电子产品及储能电池需求的增长，对锂资源的需求急剧上升。从盐湖卤水中提取锂不仅可缓解资源短缺，还有助于优化能源结构。电化学提锂技术因其高选择性、低能耗、多功能性及环境友好性，已成为研究焦点。综述了电化学提锂的最新进展，包括活性材料电极及电化学提锂系统。LiFePO4、LiMn2O4及LiNi x Co y Mn1-x-y O2电活性材料，因良好的选择性和吸附性能，获得了广泛的关注；但在高矿化度的实际卤水中，电活性材料的优化、改性及针对不同类型盐湖的设计仍是电化学提锂技术工业化进展中的关注重点。在系统设计方面，采用电容去离子（CDI）、电渗析（ED）、离子泵、电化学开关离子交换（ESIX）及摇椅式系统等，综合考虑成本、能耗与效率，体现了对经济与环保双重目标的考量，预示技术向可持续方向发展。
李昌文 , 詹鸿龙 , 乔英钧 , 石成龙 , 钱志强 . 盐湖卤水电化学提锂技术研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2025 , 57(7) : 1 -13 . DOI: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0451
With the growth of demand for new energy vehicles，electronic products and energy storage batteries，the demand for lithium resources has risen sharply.Extracting lithium from salt lake brine can not only alleviate the shortage of resources，but also help optimize the energy structure.Electrochemical lithium extraction technology has become the focus of research because of its high selectivity，low energy consumption，versatility and environmental friendliness.The latest progress of electrochemical lithium extraction was reviewed，including active material electrode and electrochemical lithium extraction system.LiFePO4，LiMn2O4 and LiNi x Co y Mn1-x-y O2 electroactive materials had received extensive attention due to their good selectivity and adsorption properties.However，in the actual brine with high salinity，the optimization and modification of electroactive materials and the design of different types of salt lakes were still the focus of attention in the industrial progress of electrochemical lithium extraction technology.In terms of system design，the use of capacitive deionization（CDI），electrodialysis（ED），ion pumps，electrochemically switched ion exchange（ESIX），and rocking chair systems，comprehensive consideration of cost，energy consumption and efficiency，reflected the dual goals of economic and environmental protection，indicating the development of technology in the sustainable direction.
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