退役锂离子电池正负极片原电池法自驱动浸出研究
收稿日期: 2024-06-21
网络出版日期: 2024-08-12
基金资助
上海市自然科学基金面上项目(22ZR1415800);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52304422)
Study on self-driven leaching of spent lithium-ion batteries cathodes and anodes with galvanic cell structure
Received date: 2024-06-21
Online published: 2024-08-12
近年来，电动汽车和储能设备的快速发展使锂离子电池（LIBs）的应用呈爆发式增长，随之产生了大量的退役LIBs。若退役LIBs得不到有效处置，其中含有的大量重金属和有毒电解质将会对环境和人类健康造成威胁。目前，传统的湿法冶金回收技术已经被广泛应用，但复杂的预处理过程和大量的试剂消耗阻碍了该技术的可持续发展。另外，目前对退役LIBs的回收主要集中在正极材料，对负极材料的研究较少。开发绿色高效的退役LIBs正负极材料回收方法不仅具有生态环境意义，而且可以有效地弥补中国矿产资源短缺的现状。基于此，研究提出一种直接回收退役LIBs正负极片的自驱动原电池浸出体系，在盐酸溶液中实现了正负极材料同步高效浸出（Li+、Co2+、Al3+浸出率分别为94.42%、86.18%、100.00%，Cu溶解量为270.6 mg）的同时向外输出能量。热力学和实验分析表明，HCl的还原性和其中的Cl-与有价金属形成配合物可促进浸出反应平衡正向移动。
付彤彤 , 何婷 , 周诗雨 , 顾帅 . 退役锂离子电池正负极片原电池法自驱动浸出研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2025 , 57(7) : 35 -43 . DOI: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0352
With the explosive development of lithium-ion battery（LIBs） applications caused by the rapid development of electric vehicles and energy storage devices，a large number of spent LIBs have been generated，in which the abundant heavy metals and toxic electrolytes will threaten to the environment and human health if handled improperly.At present，traditional hydrometallurgical recovery technology has been widely utilized，but complex preprocessing processes and significant consumption of reagents hinder the sustainable development of hydrometallurgy.On the other hand，current research mainly focuses on recycling cathode materials rather than anode materials.The development of green and efficient recycling methods for spent LIBs cathode and anode materials not only has ecological significance but also can effectively make up for the shortage of mineral resources in China.Based on this，a self-driven primary battery leaching system for directly recovering of both spent LIBs cathodes and anodes was proposed to achieve synchronous recycling of metals（Li+：94.42%，Co2+：86.18%，Al3+：100.00%，Cu2+：270.6 mg） in HCl system while outputting energy.Thermodynamics and experimental analysis indicated that the reduction nature of HCl and the formation of complexes between Cl- and valuable metals ions induced the forward movement of the leaching equilibrium.
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