深度失活三元正极材料特性分析及预处理研究
收稿日期: 2024-07-04
网络出版日期: 2024-07-22
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(U20A20142);国家自然科学基金项目(21978094)
Research on characteristics analysis and pretreatment on deeply deactivated power battery ternary cathode materials
Received date: 2024-07-04
Online published: 2024-07-22
深度失活三元正极材料的直接再生可以有效降低能源消耗并减轻环境负担，实现锂离子电池的清洁回收和循环利用，但直接对拆解后的材料进行再生处理，效果往往较差。因此，针对退役锂离子电池中深度失活的三元正极材料进行特征分析及预处理研究。利用多种表征手段对失活正极材料进行系统性研究，结果表明拆解下来的深度失活三元正极材料中含有较多的聚偏氟乙烯黏结剂、导电碳黑及盐类杂质，且晶型结构遭到严重破坏。电化学性能测试结果显示，其放电容量仅余30 mA·h/g，远低于商业材料，电池容量严重衰减。为了有效地直接再生深度失活的三元正极材料，在氧气气氛下对其进行高温锻烧预处理除杂，550 ℃条件下煅烧4 h后可完全去除失活正极材料中的导电碳黑等杂质，同时不会对材料的组成结构造成显著影响，这为材料的直接再生等后续处理奠定基础。
宋佳禧 , 计任飞 , 陈君 , 林森 , 于建国 . 深度失活三元正极材料特性分析及预处理研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2025 , 57(2) : 44 -49 . DOI: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0384
The direct regeneration of deeply deactivated ternary cathode materials can effectively reduce energy consumption and alleviate environmental burdens，achieving clean recycling and reuse of lithium-ion batteries. However，it has been found that the direct regeneration of materials dismantled often has poor effects. Therefore，research on the characteristic analysis and pretreatment of deeply deactivated ternary cathode materials from retired lithium-ion batteries was conducted. A systematic study of the deactivated cathode materials using various characterization techniques showed that the deeply deactivated ternary cathode materials contained a significant amount of binder PVDF，conductive carbon black，and salt impurities，and their crystal structure was severely damaged. Moreover，electrochemical results showed that the specific capacity was only 30 mA·h/g，which was far below that of commercial material，indicating a significant degradation in battery capacity. In order to effectively regenerate the ternary cathode materials，a high-temperature calcination pretreatment for impurity removal was carried out in an oxygen atmosphere. Calcination at 550 ℃ for 4 h could completely remove conductive carbon black and other impurity components from the deactivated cathode materials，without significantly affecting the composition and structure of the materials，thus laying the foundation for subsequent processing such as direct regeneration.
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