电动汽车退役动力电池中LiFePO4材料再生利用研究进展
收稿日期: 2023-11-02
网络出版日期: 2024-09-26
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(51864032);沈阳材料科学国家（联合）实验室-有色金属加工与再利用国家重点实验室联合基金项目(18LHZD002)
Research progress on regeneration utilization of LiFePO4 materials in retired power batteries of electric vehicles
Received date: 2023-11-02
Online published: 2024-09-26
随着“碳达峰、碳中和”目标的提出，新型环保的储能器件迎来了极大的发展前景。特别是，锂离子电池（LiB）凭借其能量密度高、使用寿命长等诸多优势在众多储能器件中脱颖而出。磷酸铁锂（LiFePO4）材料由于具有热稳定性好、循环次数高、服役时间长、无记忆效应等优势迅速成为电动汽车动力电池正极材料的主流。随着大规模LiFePO4型电池退役浪潮的到来，如何处置和利用这些废旧电池已成为国内外亟需解决的热点问题。以LiFePO4型电池的失效机理为基准，从宏观和微观两个角度分析了废LiFePO4材料再生前后的变化，并从补偿锂和构建还原环境两个维度对废LiFePO4材料直接再生技术的相关研究进展进行了综述，明确提出废LiFePO4正极材料更适合走直接再生的回收路径，以期实现废LiFePO4材料的科学回收。
关键词： 退役LiFePO4电池; 直接再生; 锂修复; 构建还原环境
徐晶 , 王大辉 , 陈怀敬 , 郭永琪 , 郑阳 . 电动汽车退役动力电池中LiFePO4材料再生利用研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2024 , 56(8) : 1 -8 . DOI: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2023-0522
With the goal of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality proposed，new environmentally friendly energy storage devices have ushered in great development.Especially，lithium⁃ion batteries（LiB） stand out among many energy storage devices due to their high energy density and long service life.Lithium iron phosphate（LiFePO4） material has become the mainstream of cathode materials for electric vehicle power batteries due to its advantages of good thermal stability，high cycle times，long service time，and no memory effect.With the advent of the wave of large⁃scale LiFePO4 battery retirement，how to dispose of and utilize these spent batteries has become a hot issue that needs to be solved urgently at home and abroad.Based on the failure mechanism of LiFePO4 batteries，the changes of spent LiFePO4 materials before and after regeneration from both macro and micro perspectives were analyzed，and the research progress of direct recycling technology of spent LiFePO4 materials from the dimensions of lithium compensation and construction of reducing environment was reviewed.It was clearly proposed that spent LiFePO4 cathode materials were more suitable for direct regeneration，in order to realize the scientific recycling of spent LiFePO4 materials.
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