吸附剂的微观形貌对其在溶液中的分散及吸附行为有着显著影响，以水热法合成立方形MnCO₃作为自模板，制备形貌可控、粒径均一的锰系锂吸附剂。以KMnO₄、蔗糖、酒石酸为原料，考察了反应物浓度、溶液pH、水热温度、水热时间对水热产物立方形MnCO₃形貌及对应吸附剂的晶体结构、吸附量的影响。结果表明，水热法合成立方形MnCO₃的最佳工艺条件：反应物质量浓度为7.406 2 g/L（以KMnO₄计），以LiOH·H₂O溶液作pH调节剂，调节反应溶液pH至3.00，水热温度为120 ℃，水热时间为36 h。最佳水热条件下对应立方形吸附剂对Li⁺吸附量最高可达50.62 mg/g，在5次吸/脱附循环中吸附量稳定在38.50 mg/g以上、Li⁺解吸率均在80%以上。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、同步热分析仪（TGA-DSC）对最佳水热条件下制备的MnCO₃进行表征，结果表明，水热产物MnCO₃呈规则立方形结构，单个颗粒棱长约为8 μm，颗粒之间分散性好且粒径均一，所含杂质较少，兼具有良好的热稳定性，是合成立方形锰系锂吸附剂的理想原料。

The micro-morphology of the adsorbent has a significant effect on its dispersion and adsorption behavior in solution.The manganous lithium adsorbent with controllable morphology and uniform particle size was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis of cubic MnCO₃ as a self-template.Using potassium permanganate，sucrose，and tartaric acid as raw materials，the effects of reactant concentration，solution pH，hydrothermal temperature，and hydrothermal time on the morphology of cubic MnCO₃ and the crystal structure and adsorption capacity of the corresponding adsorbent were investigated.The results showed that the optimum conditions for preparing cubic MnCO₃ by the hydrothermal method were as follows：the optimal reactant concentration was 7.406 2 g/L（in KMnO₄），LiOH·H₂O solution was used as pH regulator to adjust the pH of the reaction solution to 3.00，the hydrothermal temperature was 120 ℃ and the hydrothermal time was 36 h.Under the optimal hydrothermal conditions，the maximum adsorption capacity of the corresponding C-HMO for Li⁺ was 50.62 mg/g，the adsorption capacity was stable above 38.50 mg/g and the desorption rate of Li⁺ was above 80% in 5 adsorption-desorption cycles.X-ray diffractometer（XRD），scanning electron microscope（SEM），and synchronous thermal analyzer（TGA-DSC） were used to characterize the MnCO₃ prepared under optimal hydrothermal conditions.The results showed that the hydrothermal product MnCO₃ had a regular cubic structure，the single particle edge length was about 8 μm，the dispersion between the particles was good，the particle size was uniform，the impurity was less，and it had good thermal stability，which was an ideal raw material for the formation of cubic manganese series lithium adsorbent.