磷石膏中磷的浸出行为及其动力学研究
收稿日期: 2024-03-31
网络出版日期: 2024-06-05
基金资助
湖北三峡实验室开放创新基金项目(SC232006);湖北省科技重大专项(2022ACA004-6)
Study on leaching behavior and kinetics of phosphorus from phosphogypsum
Received date: 2024-03-31
Online published: 2024-06-05
中国磷石膏储量巨大，利用率低，需大量堆存。为解决中国磷石膏在堆存过程中出现的磷污染问题，研究人员采用了一种工艺简单且高效的浸出技术。以稀硝酸作浸出剂，探讨了硝酸浓度、固液比（质量体积比，g/mL，下同）、搅拌速率、温度和反应时间等因素对磷浸出率的影响。结果表明：浸出过程中，磷的浸出率随硝酸浓度、搅拌速率、温度、反应时间的增大而增大，随固液比的增大而减小，其中硝酸浓度、固液比和搅拌速率对浸出率的影响较大，温度对浸出率的影响较小；通过XRD、XPS、SEM等表征方法对磷石膏浸出前后的性质进行了对比分析，发现浸出后的磷石膏中磷含量降低显著；并通过响应面法优化了反应条件，得出在硝酸浓度为0.50 mol/L、固液比为1:14、搅拌速率为200 r/min、温度为30 ℃的最优条件下，反应120 min后磷的浸出率高达97.23%。同时，磷的浸出动力学表明，该反应过程属于固体产物层扩散控制，反应活化能为11.65 kJ/mol。该研究可为磷的高效浸出提供理论指导，具有重要的理论和实际意义，针对中国磷石膏在堆存过程中存在的磷污染问题提供了可选择的解决方案。
谭善宜 , 文惠子 , 何淑玉 , 张沥文 , 陈绍华 , 习本军 . 磷石膏中磷的浸出行为及其动力学研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2025 , 57(2) : 105 -112 . DOI: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2024-0184
It boasts an immense reserve of phosphogypsum with a low utilization rate in China，requiring large-scale stockpiling.In order to reduce the problem of phosphorus pollution caused by phosphogypsum storage process in China，a leaching technology which was widely used due to its simple process and high efficiency was adopted.The effects of nitric acid concentration，solid-liquid mass-to-volume ratio，stirring speed，temperature and reaction time on the leaching efficiency of phosphorus were investigated.The results showed that the phosphorus leaching efficiency was increased with the increase of nitric acid concentration，stirring speed，temperature and reaction time，and decreased with the increase of solid-liquid mass-to-volume ratio，in which the nitric acid concentration，solid-liquid mass-to-volume ratio and stirring speed had a significant effect on phosphorus leaching efficiency，while the temperature had a small effect on phosphorus leaching efficiency.A comparative analysis of the physicochemical properties of phosphogypsum，utilizing advanced characterization techniques such as XRD，XPS，and SEM，revealed a notable reduction in phosphorus content post-leaching.Through the response surface methodology，the optimal reaction conditions were obtained.Under the conditions of nitric acid concentration of 0.50 mol/L，solid-liquid mass-to-volume ratio of 1:14，stirring speed of 200 r/min and temperature of 30 ℃，the phosphorus leaching efficiency reached 97.23% in 120 min.Moreover，the phosphorus leaching kinetics in phosphogypsum was studied.It was proved that the reaction process was belonged to the diffusion control of solid product layer，and the activation energy of the reaction was 11.65 kJ/mol.The study provided a theoretical guidance which had important theoretical and practical significance for the efficient leaching of phosphorus，and offered alternative solutions to the phosphorus pollution issues that existed in the storage process of phosphogypsum in China.
Key words： phosphogypsum; phosphorus pollution; nitric acid; leaching; kinetic
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