以磷酸三丁酯（TBP）为萃取剂，1，2-二氯乙烷（C₂H₄Cl₂）为稀释剂，铁基离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氯合铁（［C₄mim］［FeCl₄］）为共萃取剂，构建了TBP-［C₄mim］［FeCl₄］-C₂H₄Cl₂萃取体系。采用恒界面池法研究了TBP-［C₄mim］［FeCl₄］-C₂H₄Cl₂体系从溶液中萃取锂的动力学过程。通过单因素实验考察了离子液体体积分数、水相锂的浓度、界面面积、搅拌速度、温度等因素对萃取速率的影响。结果表明，增大搅拌速度、界面面积、温度均能加快萃取速率。TBP-［C₄mim］［FeCl₄］-C₂H₄Cl₂体系对Li⁺的萃取反应主要发生在相界面处。表观活化能E_a=10.68 kJ/mol，锂的萃取过程受扩散控制。通过线性拟合得到TBP-［C₄mim］［FeCl₄］-C₂H₄Cl₂体系的动力学方程为R_{{}^{\mathrm{2}}}\left(\mathrm{L}\mathrm{i}\right)=\mathrm{1.221}\times {\mathrm{10}}^{-\mathrm{2}}c(\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{i}}^{+}{)}^{\mathrm{1.347}}\phi (\mathrm{F}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{l}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{-}{)}^{\mathrm{0.474}}\phi {(\mathrm{T}\mathrm{B}\mathrm{P})}^{\mathrm{1.877}}。Li⁺浓度、FeCl₄^-体积分数和TBP体积分数的反应级数分别接近于1、0.5和2，这3个因素对反应速率的影响由大到小顺序为TBP体积分数、Li⁺浓度、FeCl₄^-体积分数。该研究为深入了解离子液体体系萃取提锂过程中的传质机制、反应的控制模式等提供了一定的指导和参考。

In this paper，tributyl phosphate（TBP） was used as an extractant，1，2-dichloroethane（C₂H₄Cl₂） was used as a diluent，and the iron-based ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole iron tetrachloride（［C₄mim］［FeCl₄］） was used as a coextractant to construct TBP-［C₄mim］［FeCl₄］-C₂H₄Cl₂ extraction system.The kinetic process of lithium extraction from solution by TBP-［C₄mim］［FeCl₄］-C₂H₄Cl₂ system was studied by constant interface cell method.The effects of volume fraction of ionic liquid，concentration of lithium in aqueous phase，interface area，stirring rate and temperature on the extraction rate were investigated by single factor experiment.The results showed that the extraction reaction rate could be increased by increasing stirring rate，interface area and temperature.The extraction reaction of Li⁺ by TBP-［C₄mim］［FeCl₄］-C₂H₄Cl₂ system mainly occurred at the phase interface.The apparent activation energy was E_a=10.68 kJ/mol and the extraction process of lithium was controlled by diffusion.The kinetic equation of the extraction system was obtained by linear fitting：R_{\mathrm{2}}\left(\mathrm{L}\mathrm{i}\right)=\mathrm{1.221}\times {\mathrm{10}}^{-\mathrm{2}}c(\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{i}}^{+}{)}^{\mathrm{1.347}}\phi (\mathrm{F}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{l}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{-}{)}^{\mathrm{0.474}}\phi {(\mathrm{T}\mathrm{B}\mathrm{P})}^{\mathrm{1.877}}.The reaction order of Li⁺ concentration，FeCl₄^- concentration and TBP concentration was close to 1，0.5 and 2，respectively.The effect of these three factors on the reaction rate was in the descending order：TBP，Li⁺，FeCl₄^-.This study provided some guidance and reference for in-depth understanding of the mass transfer mechanism and reaction control mode in the process of lithium extraction by ionic liquid system.