收稿日期: 2023-03-13
网络出版日期: 2023-12-14
Experimental study on removing metal ions from phosphoric acid by nanofiltration membrane
Received date: 2023-03-13
Online published: 2023-12-14
湿法磷酸中含有大量多价金属离子，需要通过低成本、低污染的途径去除。纳滤膜已经在水处理中得到广泛应用，但对于酸性体系尤其是磷酸体系中金属离子脱除的研究还很少。通过对5种纳滤膜在磷酸中的分离性能进行研究，结果表明：随着磷酸浓度和温度的升高，纳滤膜对金属离子的截留率有不同程度的下降；选择分离层材质对纳滤膜在磷酸中的分离性能有很大的影响；纳滤膜的分离效果受到空间位阻、介电排斥、Donnan排斥多重机制相互作用的影响。在研究的商业膜中，NF4的分离性能受磷酸浓度和温度变化影响最小，且具有良好的酸稳定性。在30 ℃条件下，NF4对P2O5质量分数为20%的磷酸溶液中的Fe3+、Al3+、Mg2+平均截留率均大于84.83%，对磷酸的截留率小于5%，在磷酸净化中有很好的应用前景。
田壮壮 , 陈建钧 , 金央 , 陈明 , 李军 , 刘代俊 . 纳滤膜脱除磷酸中金属离子的实验研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2023 , 55(12) : 133 -139 . DOI: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2023-0134
Conventional wet process phosphoric acid production of crude phosphoric acid contains many impurities.A cost-effective and environmentally friendly method for removing impurity ions is necessary.Although nanofiltration membranes have been widely used in water treatment，there are few studies on removing metal ions in acidic systems，especially phosphoric acid systems.The separation performance of five nanofiltration membranes in phosphoric acid was investigated.The results indicated that the rejections of nanofiltration membranes was decreased to varying degrees with increasing concentrations of phosphoric acid and temperature.The materials of the selective separation layer had a significant impact on the separation performance of nanofiltration membranes in phosphoric acid.The interaction of multiple mechanisms，including steric hindrance，dielectric repulsion，and Donnan repulsion，affected the separation efficiency of nanofiltration membranes.Among the investigated commercial membranes，NF4 exhibited the least susceptibility to variations in phosphoric acid concentration and temperature，while demonstrating excellent acid stability.At 30 ℃，the average rejections of Fe3+，Al3+ and Mg2+ in a phosphoric acid solution of 20% P2O5 by NF4 were more significant than 84.83%，but the rejection of P was less than 5%，which showed an excellent prospect for application in phosphoric acid purification.
Key words： phosphoric acid; nanofiltration; membrane separation; removing; meta ions
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