乏燃料后处理过程中会产生含有¹⁵⁵Eu、⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs、¹⁴⁹Sm等中长半衰期核素的高放废液。高放废液的处理是放射性废物最小化的关键步骤。以往使用的沉淀、吸附等方式均会产生较多的二次废物。针对该问题，创新性地提出了采用微纳米气泡离子浮选对废液中的金属离子进行去除的方法，采用有限元方法对微纳米气泡去除金属离子的过程进行了建模，探索了微纳米气泡在溶液中的产生、扩散及对金属离子的去除过程，分析了金属离子价态、吸附反应平衡常数、温度等对浮选过程的影响，并进一步研究了多种金属离子共存时的选择性浮选特性。结果表明，高平衡常数及高价态的金属离子更容易从溶液中浮选出，对于平衡常数大于10的金属离子，可以达到90%以上的去除率。控制微纳米气泡的浓度和表面活性剂的浓度，可以对平衡常数大于0.5的金属离子进行选择性浮选，从而达到富集和分离的效果。研究结果对高放废液中金属离子的去除具有重要指导意义。

The spent fuel reprocessing process produces waste liquids containing ¹⁵⁵Eu，⁹⁰Sr，¹³⁷Cs，¹⁴⁹Sm and other intermediate and long half-life nuclides，which are highly radioactive.The treatment of high-level radioactive liquid waste（HLLW） is a key step in spent fuel reprocessing.Previous methods such as precipitation and adsorption have all generated a significant amount of secondary waste.To solve this problem，the method of removing metal ions from waste liquid by micro/nano bubble ion flotation was innovatively proposed，and the process of removing metal ions by micro/nano bubbles was modeled by finite element method.The generation and diffusion of micro/nano bubbles in solution and the removal process of metal ions were explored，and the effects of metal ion valence，adsorption reaction equilibrium constant，temperature，etc.on the flotation process were analyzed，and the selective flotation characteristics was further studied when multiple metal ions were coexisted.The results showed that metal ions with high equilibrium constants and high valence states were more easily flotation from solution，and for metal ions with equilibrium constants greater than 10，more than 90% removal rate could be achieved.Controlling the concentration of micro/nanobubble and the concentration of surfactant could enrich the metal ions with equilibrium constants greater than 0.5 by selective flotation.The results of the study were of great guidance for the removal of metal ions from HLLW.