电石渣是电石法生产乙炔过程产生的固体废渣，是替代石灰石制备低碳脱硫剂的良好原料，但应用过程存在杂质含量高、粗颗粒难以分离等问题。针对以上问题，可采用多级旋流杂质分离法分离电石渣中的杂质和大颗粒组分，在优化条件下电石渣旋流分离效率可达93.97%。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）、X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）等对电石渣的形貌、组成和物相进行表征，系统分析电石渣旋流前后组成、粒度变化，并对电石渣中杂质的赋存形态和分布规律进行详细地探讨。研究结果表明，电石渣中钙主要以氢氧化钙形式存在且旋流分离前后含量相差不大，杂质主要包括三氧化二铁、氧化铝、氧化镁、二氧化硅、硫、碳和水溶性氯离子等；旋流分离后二氧化硅、氧化铝在细渣中富集，并以铝硅酸盐形式存在；三氧化二铁、碳在粗渣中富集，其中碳以单质碳和碳酸盐形式存在；氯、镁含量较低但分布均匀，铝硅分布集中，铝硫分布集中且铝硫颗粒主要嵌在电石渣颗粒上。采用电石渣旋流细渣作为脱硫剂进行烟气脱硫，工业副产脱硫石膏含水率为13.20%，石膏中二水硫酸钙质量分数为90.01%。该研究可为电石渣资源化利用提供参考和借鉴。

Calcium carbide slag is a solid waste from the process of producing acetylene by calcium carbide，which is a good raw material to replace limestone in the preparation of low carbon desulfurizer.However，there are some problems in the application process，such as high impurity content and difficult separation of coarse particles.To solve the above problems，multistage cyclone impurity separation was used to separate the impurities and large particles of calcium carbide slag.The efficiency of cyclone separation of calcium carbide slag reached 93.97% under optimized conditions.Scanning electron microscopy（SEM），X-ray diffractometry（XRD），X-ray fluorescence spectrometer（XRF） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） were used to characterize the morphology，composition and phase equality of calcium carbide slag.The changes of composition and particle size before and after the cyclone were systematically analyzed，and the occurrence form and distribution law of impurities in calcium carbide slag were discussed in detail.The results showed that calcium in calcium carbide slag was mainly existed in the form of calcium hydroxide，and the content was not different before and after cyclone separation.The impurities mainly included ferric oxide，aluminum oxide，magnesium oxide，silicon dioxide，sulfur，carbon，and water-soluble chloride ions.After cyclone separation，silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide were enriched in fine slag and exist in the form of aluminosilicate.Ferric oxide and carbon were enriched in the coarse slag，and carbon was existed in the form of elemental carbon and carbonate.The contents of chlorine and magnesium were low and uniformly distributed，aluminum and silicon were concentrated，aluminum and sulfur were concentrated，and aluminum and sulfur particles are embedded in calcium carbide slag particles.Using calcium carbide slag cyclone fine slag as desulfurizer for flue gas desulfurization，the water content of desulfurized gypsum by industrial by-product was 13.20%，and the mass fraction of calcium sulfate dihydrate in gypsum was 90.01%.The above research could provide reference for the resource utilization of calcium carbide slag.