以粉煤灰为原料，以氢氧化钾溶液为碱激发剂，将二者按照优化配比（氧化钾与氧化铝物质的量比为1.5、水与氧化钠物质的量比为18）混合均匀后，采用悬浮固化法制备粉煤灰基地质聚合物微球，将微球用于吸附含铜废水中的铜（Ⅱ）。通过X射线衍射（XRD）仪、比表面积与孔径分析仪、BT-99型水质分析仪对微球进行了表征，探究了吸附时间、微球用量、吸附温度、铜（Ⅱ）溶液pH、铜（Ⅱ）溶液质量浓度等因素对微球吸附铜（Ⅱ）的影响。结果表明，粉煤灰基地质聚合物微球较粉煤灰原料具有更大的孔径和比表面积，具有更好的对铜（Ⅱ）的吸附效果，在最优条件下[微球用量为0.20 g、溶液pH为5、铜（Ⅱ）初始质量浓度为100 mg/L、溶液体积为100 mL、吸附温度为40 ℃、吸附时间为24 h]微球对铜（Ⅱ）的吸附量为45.62 mg/g、去除率达到91.46%，吸附过程遵循准二级动力学方程。

Fly ash was used as a raw material，potassium hydroxide solution was used as an alkali activator，and the mixture was uniform according to the optimized ratio[n（K₂O）/n（Al₂O₃）=1.5，n（H₂O）/n（Na₂O）=18].The fly ash-based geoploymer microspheres were prepared by suspension solidification method，and it was used to adsorb Cu²⁺ from wastewater containing copper.The microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD），specific surface area and aperture analyzer，BT-99 water quality analyzer.The effects of time，dosage，temperature，pH value，concentration and other factors on the adsorption of Cu²⁺ on the microspheres were explored.The results showed that the fly ash-based geoploymer microspheres had larger pore size，specific surface area and better adsorption effect than fly ash.Under the optimal conditions（dosage of microspheres was 0.20 g，pH of solution was 5，initial mass concentration of Cu²⁺ was 100 mg/L，volume of solution was 100 mL，adsorption temperature was 40 ℃，and adsorption time was 24 h），the adsorption capacity of Cu²⁺ by microspheres was 45.62 mg/g，and the removal rate was 91.46%.The adsorption process was followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation.