研究利用高炉矿渣（BFS）、粉煤灰（FA）作为原材料制备地质聚合物。以氢氧化钠与水玻璃作为碱激发剂，在碱激发条件下制备地质聚合物固化二价铅离子（Pb²⁺）。研究Pb²⁺的掺量对固化体强度的影响，并通过浸出毒性实验、X射线衍射分析（XRD）、红外光谱分析（FT-IR）、扫描电镜（SEM）等表征分析、防辐射实验测试，探究其固化效果与固化机理。结果表明，高炉矿渣-粉煤灰基地质聚合物与Pb²⁺具有良好的相容性，且固化体在28 d最高抗压强度可以达到43 MPa，Pb²⁺的添加质量分数为1%时能提高其固化体的强度。浸出实验表明，固化体对质量分数为1% Pb²⁺的固化效率在97%以上。微观分析认为大部分重金属是以羟基配合离子的形式被物理封装在地质聚合物内部。防辐射实验测试表明，Pb²⁺的掺量与高炉矿渣-粉煤灰基地质聚合物的γ射线屏蔽效果成正相关，实验中Pb²⁺最优掺入质量分数为3%，线性吸收系数和半衰减层厚度最优值分别为0.222 0 cm^-1和2.309 5 cm。

Using of blast furnace slag（BFS） and fly ash（FA） as raw materials to prepare geopolymers was studied.Using NaOH and water glass as the alkali activator，the geopolymer solidified Pb²⁺ was prepared under the condition of alkali excitation.The effect of Pb²⁺ content on the strength of the cured body was studied，and its curing effect and curing mechanism were explored through leaching toxicity test，X-ray diffraction analysis（XRD），infrared spectrum analysis（FT-IR），electronic scanning electron microscope（SEM） and other characterization analysis and radiation resistance experiment test.The results showed that the blast furnace slag?fly ash?based geopolymer had good compatibility with Pb²⁺，and the maximum compressive strength of the solidified body could reach 43 MPa at 28 d，and the strength of the solidified body could be improved when the addition amount of Pb²⁺ was 1%.The leaching experiment showed that the curing efficiency of the cured body to 1% Pb²⁺ was above 99%.Microscopic analysis suggested that most of the heavy metals were physically encapsulated in the geopolymer in the form of hydroxyl complex ions.Radiation protection experiments showed that the content of Pb²⁺ was positively correlated with the γ-ray shielding effect of blast furnace slag?fly ash?based geopolymers，the optimal content of Pb²⁺ in the test was 3%，and the linear absorption coefficient and the optimal value of the half-attenuation layer thickness were 0.222 0 cm^-1 and 2.309 5 cm，respectively.