新鲜磷石膏中的主要污染物种类为氟化物和磷化物,添加石灰能有效降低氟和磷的浸出水平,并且添加状态和比例对稳定化效果影响较大。通过添加不同石灰比例来稳定磷石膏的处理方式,研究其污染物的浸出水平,并采用扫描电镜及能谱对其进行表征。研究发现石灰与磷石膏拌混比例是污染物浸出水平的重要影响因素,在m（生石灰）∶m（新鲜磷石膏）为1∶50~1∶100时稳定化效果最好。由扫描电镜和能谱表征发现新鲜磷石膏为片层状结构堆叠,随着石灰添加量增多,表面微观结构也相应增多。在m（生石灰）∶m（新鲜磷石膏）为1∶100时,磷石膏的片层状结构表面会形成棒状结构,棒状间隙存在微球状颗粒。根据表征结果推测片层状结构除CaSO₄外,还含有一定量的Ca₃（PO₄）₂,棒状结构为Al₂O₃和AlPO₄,微球颗粒为CaF₂。在新鲜磷石膏表面形成的这类微观结构,使得含氟和磷的污染物稳定化从而降低了浸出水平。

The main pollutants in fresh phosphogypsum are phosphorus and fluoride.Adding lime can effectively reduce the leaching level of fluorine and phosphorus.And the addition state and proportion have a great influence on the stabilization effect.The treatment method of phosphogypsum was stabilized by adding different lime proportion,the leaching level of pollutants was studied,and it was characterized by scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum.It was found that the mixing ratio of lime and phosphogypsum was an important factor affecting the leaching level of pollutants.When m（quicklime）∶m（fresh phosphogypsum） was 1∶50~1∶100,the stabilization effect was the best.The scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum showed that the fresh phosphogypsum was stacked in lamellar structure,and the surface microstructure was increased with the increase of lime addition.When m（quicklime）∶m（fresh phosphogypsum） was 1∶100,the lamellar structure of phosphogypsum would form a rod structure on the surface,and there were microsphere particles in the rod gap.According to the characterization results,it was speculated that the lamellar structure contained a certain amount of Ca₃（PO₄）₂ in addition to CaSO₄,the rod structure was Al₂O₃ and AlPO₄,and the microsphere particle was CaF₂.This kind of microstructure formed on the surface of fresh phosphogypsum stabilized the pollutants containing fluorine and phosphorus,thus reducing the leaching level.