黑磷因其独特的结构和优异的性能在许多领域展现出很好的应用前景。目前黑磷的应用仍受限于其制备方法及剥离方法。液相法是在液相条件下合成黑磷的方法,主要包括汞回流法、铋熔化法和溶剂热法。液相法可以一步制备出纳米黑磷,具有操作简单、反应条件温和、可控性强等优点,是目前最有可能实现纳米黑磷的低成本、可控制备的方法。综述了液相法制备黑磷的研究现状,分析并讨论了该方法的优点和不足之处。针对液相法制备出的黑磷存在晶型差、产率低且不稳定的问题,提出选择合适的溶剂、调控反应温度有望制备出新型结构的纳米黑磷基材料并提高黑磷的结晶性及产率,同时在制备过程中实现原位掺杂或形成复合材料有望提升黑磷的稳定性,进而拓宽黑磷的应用领域并提升黑磷的性能。

Because of its unique structure and excellent performance,black phosphorus has performed good application prospects in many fields.At present,the application of black phosphorus is still limited by its preparation methods and stripping methods.Liquid phase method is a method of synthesizing black phosphorus under liquid phase conditions,mainly including mercury reflux method,bismuth melting method and solvent thermal method.Liquid phase method can prepare nano black phosphorus in one step,which has the advantages of simple operation,mild reaction conditions and strong controllabi-lity.It is the most likely method to realize the low-cost and controllable preparation of nano black phosphorus at present.The research status of preparation of black phosphorus by liquid phase method was reviewed.The advantages and disadvantages of this method were analyzed and discussed.In view of the problems of poor crystallinity,low yield and instability of the black phosphorus prepared by this method,it was proposed that choosing appropriate solvent and adjusting reaction temperature were expected to prepare a new structure of nano black phosphorous based materials and improve the crystallinity and yield of black phosphorous.At the same time,in the preparation process to achieve in situ doping or formation of composite materials were expected to improve the stability of black phosphorous,and then broadened the application field of black phosphorous and improved the performance of black phosphorous.