使用低温炭化-高温活化两步工艺处理典型的医药废盐,成功回收了无机盐和活性炭材料。低温炭化阶段将废盐中的有机物转变为不溶性残余炭渣,通过简单的溶解、过滤即可实现无机盐与有机物的分离;残余炭渣作为炭前体经过活化可得到活性炭材料。使用原子荧光光谱法、气相色谱-质谱联用法对废盐成分进行分析,采用Friedman法和Starink法计算废盐焚烧的活化能,通过管式炉模拟试验对废盐低温炭化条件进行优化,最后采用氢氧化钾浸渍法活化残余炭渣以制备活性炭。结果表明,废盐中溶解性有机碳在空气气氛、350 ℃、60 min条件下去除率达到99.98%,得到的无机盐产品符合GB/T 6009—2014《工业无水硫酸钠》Ⅲ类要求。残余炭渣经活化所得活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附容量达到762.86 mg/g。

A two-step process of low temperature carbonization and high temperature activation was used to treat typical medical waste salt,and inorganic salt and activated carbon materials were recovered successfully.The organic matter in the waste salt was converted into insoluble residual carbon slag in low temperature carbonization section,which could be separated from inorganic salts by simple dissolution and filtration.Activated carbon material could be obtained by activating residual carbon residue as carbon precursor.The components of waste salt were analyzed by atomic fluorescence spectrometry and gas chroma-tography mass spectrometry.The activation energy of waste salt incineration was calculated by Friedman method and Starink method.The carbonization conditions of waste salt at low temperature were optimized by pipe furnace simulation test.The carbon residues were KOH impregnation method to prepare activated carbon.The results showed that the removal rate of dissolved organic carbon in the waste salt reached 99.98% under the conditions of air atmosphere,350 ℃ and 60 min,and the obtained inorganic salt products met the requirements of GB/T 6009—2014“Industrial anhydrate Sodium Sulfate” class Ⅲ.The adsorption capacity of activated carbon for methylene blue reached 762.86 mg/g.