随着高分子膜材料在水处理技术、医药、食品、农业和化工领域的广泛应用,利用不同方法改进高分子膜材料的抑菌性能、抗污染性能和水通量等,以延长高分子膜材料的使用寿命,已成为近几年研究的热点。介绍了含银高分子膜材料的主要应用。分别阐述了单质银和银离子对高分子膜材料改性的不同效果。主要讨论了相转化法、共混法、原位合成法、离子交换法和界面聚合法对含银高分子膜材料的改性方法,总结了不同改性方法对高分子膜材料改性后对其抑菌性能、抗污染性能及水通量的优化情况。通过引入银能够提高高分子膜材料的抑菌率,抑菌率最高可达100%。银的加入有效地提高了膜材料的抗污染性能,其对高分子膜材料的水通量也有一定的提高。

With the wide application of polymer membrane materials in the fields of water treatment technology,medicine,food,agriculture and chemical industry,it has become a hot topic in recent years to improve the bacteriostasis,anti-pollution and water flux of polymer membrane materials by different methods in order to prolong the service life of polymer membrane materials.The main applications of silver-containing polymer membrane materials were introduced.The different effects of silver and silver ions on the modification of polymer membrane materials were described respectively.The modification methods of silver-containing polymer membrane materials by phase transformation,blending,in-situ synthesis,ion exchange and interfacial polymerization were discussed.The optimization of antibacterial performance,anti pollution performance and water flux of polymer membrane materials modified by different modification methods were summarized.The addition of silver could improve the bacteriostatic rate of polymer membrane materials,and the bacteriostatic rate could reach 100%.The addition of silver could effectively improve the anti-pollution performance of membrane materials,and its water flux to polymer membrane materials was also improved to a certain extent.