废SCR催化剂中的污染物及环境风险分析
收稿日期: 2020-08-15
网络出版日期: 2021-02-06
基金资助
国家环境保护公益性行业科研专题项目(201309021)
Analysis of pollutants and environmental risk in spent SCR catalyst
Received date: 2020-08-15
Online published: 2021-02-06
中国氮氧化物（NOx）排放量中约有70%源自煤的燃烧,而且随着环保力度的逐渐加大及大气污染物的排放标准要求逐年提高,控制燃煤电厂NOx的排放成为当务之急 。中国普遍采用选择性催化还原法（SCR）作为燃煤尾气脱硝的方法,由此导致废SCR催化剂的产量逐年上升,预计2020年中国废SCR产生量将达到19万m3。虽然中国目前已经开展了废SCR催化剂资源化与无害化的研究,但是关于废SCR催化剂的环境风险评价却鲜有报道。概述了SCR催化剂的成分、催化原理以及废SCR催化剂的产生原因,介绍了废SCR催化剂中的主要污染物及其对环境的危害,同时简要分析了废SCR催化剂存在的环境风险及其评价方法,为中国废SCR催化剂的资源化和处理处置提供了有益参考。
周安慧 , 邱兆富 , 杨骥 , 严瑞琪 , 卞晓彤 . 废SCR催化剂中的污染物及环境风险分析[J]. 无机盐工业, 2021 , 53(2) : 11 -16 . DOI: 10.11962/1006-4990.2020-0157
About 70% of China′s nitrogen oxides（NOx） emissions originate from coal combustion,and with the gradual incre-ase in environmental protection and the increase in the requirements of air pollutant emissions standards,the control of NOx emissions from coal-fired power plants has become an urgent task.The selective catalytic reduction（SCR) method is widely used in China as a method for denitrification of coal-fired exhaust gas,which has led to an increase year by year in the output of spent SCR catalysts.It is expected that China′s waste SCR generation will reach 1.9×105 m3 in 2020.Although the research on resource utilization and harmlessness of waste SCR catalysts has been carried out in China,there are few reports on environmental risk assessment of waste SCR catalysts.The composition of SCR catalysts,their catalytic principles and the causes of waste SCR catalysts were outlined.Then,the main pollutants in waste SCR catalysts and their harm to the environ-ment were introduced.At the same time,the environmental risks of waste SCR catalysts and their evaluation methods were briefly analyzed.The useful reference for the recycling and treatment of waste SCR catalyst in China was provided.
Key words： spent SCR catalyst; inactivation; pollutant; heavy metal; environmental risk
| [1] | 王禹苏, 张蕾, 陈吉浩, 等. 大气中氮氧化物的危害及治理[J].科技创新与应用,2019(9):137-138. |
| [2] | 陈书锐, 马兰, 杨绍利. 废钛基SCR脱硝催化剂回收处理研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 化学工程与技术, 2018,8(4):233-241. |
| [3] | 王长会. 我国氮氧化物的污染现状和治理技术的发展及标准介绍[J].机械工业标准化与质量,2008(3):20-21. |
| [4] | 谭青, 冯雅晨. 我国烟气脱硝行业现状与前景及SCR脱硝催化剂的研究进展[J].化工进展,2011(s1):709-713. |
| [5] | 曾瑞, 郝永利. 废弃SCR催化剂回收利用项目建设格局的分析[J].中国环保产业,2014(9):41-45. |
| [6] | 李再亮. 燃煤电厂SCR脱硝催化剂再生及处理技术探讨[J].科学技术创新,2018(23):155-156. |
| [7] | 云端, 邓斯理, 宋蔷, 等. V2O5-WO3/TiO2系SCR催化剂的钾中毒及再生方法[J]. 环境科学研究, 2009,22(6):730-735. |
| [8] | 竹涛, 张星, 高放, 等. 废弃SCR催化剂再生研究进展[J]. 环境工程, 2018,36(10):92-96,183. |
| [9] | Li M, Liu B, Wang X, et al. A promising approach to recover a spent SCR catalyst:Deactivation by arsenic and alkaline metals and cat-alyst regeneration[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018,342:1-8. |
| [10] | 曾瑞. 浅谈SCR废催化剂的回收再利用[J].中国环保产业,2013(2):39-42. |
| [11] | 曹礼梅. 典型燃煤电厂废SCR催化剂解析及环境管理思考[J]. 装备环境工程, 2018,15(2):41-51. |
| [12] | 汪波. 废弃脱硝催化剂的处置[J].中国环保产业,2015(12):53-56. |
| [13] | 陈晨. 废弃SCR脱硝催化剂成分回收[D].北京：华北电力大学（北京）,2016 |
| [14] | 殷东. 废旧SCR催化剂资源化利用研究[D].北京：华北电力大学（北京）,2017 |
| [15] | Forzatti P. Environmental catalysis for stationary applications[J]. Catalysis Today, 2000,62(1):51-65. |
| [16] | Kim J W, Lee W G, Hwang I S, et al. Recovery of tungsten from sp-ent selective catalytic reduction catalysts by pressure leaching[J]. Journal of Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 2015,28:73-77. |
| [17] | Zheng Y, Jensen, Degn A, et al. Laboratory investigation of selec-tive catalytic reduction catalysts:deactivation by potassium com-pounds and catalyst regeneration[J]. Industrial & Engineering Che-mistry Research, 2004,43(4):941-947. |
| [18] | 王宝冬, 汪国高, 刘斌, 等. 选择性催化还原脱硝催化剂的失活、失效预防、再生和回收利用研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2013,32(s1):133-139. |
| [19] | Zhu P F. Present status and perspectives in de-NOx SCR cataly-sis[J]. 2001,222(1):221-236. |
| [20] | 朱林, 吴碧君, 段玖祥, 等. SCR烟气脱硝催化剂生产与应用现状[J]. 中国电力, 2009,42(8):61-64. |
| [21] | 陈其颢, 朱林. SCR失效催化剂及其处置与再利用技术[J]. 电力科技与环保, 2012,28(3):27-28. |
| [22] | 陈鸿伟, 罗敏, 王远鑫, 等. 燃煤锅炉飞灰对SCR脱硝催化剂的影响及预防措施[J]. 燃烧科学与技术, 2017,23(3):200-211. |
| [23] | Chen L, Li J, Ge M. The poisoning effect of alkali metals doping over nano V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts on selective catalytic reduc-tion of NOx by NH3[J].Chemical Engineering Journal, 170(2/3):531-537. |
| [24] | 曹志勇, 秦逸轩, 陈聪, 等. SCR烟气脱硝催化剂失活机理综述[J]. 浙江电力, 2010,29(12):35-37. |
| [25] | Kr?cher O, Elsener M. Chemical deactivation of V2O5/WO3-TiO2 SCR catalysts by additives and impurities from fuels,lubrication oils,and urea solution:I.Catalytic studies[J].Applied Ctalysis B, 77(3/4):215-227. |
| [26] | Yang J, Yang Q, Sun J, et al. Effects of mercury oxidation on V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst properties in NH3-SCR process[J]. Catalysis Communications, 2015,59:78-82. |
| [27] | Kong M, Liu Q, Wang X. Performance impact and poisoning mech-anism of arsenic over commercial V2O5-WO3/TiO2 SCR catalyst[J]. Catalysis Communications, 2015,72:121-126. |
| [28] | Gao X, Du X S, Fu Y C, et al. Theoretical and experimental study on the deactivation of V2O5 based catalyst by lead for selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxides[J]. Journal of Molecular Modeling, 2011,175(1):625-630. |
| [29] | Jin W C, Nam I S, Ham S W. Effect of promoters including tung-sten and barium on the thermal stability of V2O5/sulfated TiO2 cat-alyst for NO reduction by NH3[J]. Catalysis Today, 2006,111(3/4):242-247. |
| [30] | Huang J H, Huang F, Evans L, et al. Vanadium:Global(bio)geo-chemistry[J]. Chemical Geology, 2015,417:68-89. |
| [31] | Imtiaz M, Rizwan M S, Xiong S, et al. Vanadium,recent advance-ments and research prospects:A review[J]. Environment Interna-tional, 2015,80:79-88. |
| [32] | Yang J, Teng Y, Wu J, et al. Current status and associated human health risk of vanadium in soil in China[J]. Chemosphere, 2017,171:635-643. |
| [33] | Koutsospyros A, Braida W, Christodoulatos C, et al. A review of tungsten:From environmental obscurity to scrutiny[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2006,136(1):1-19. |
| [34] | Strigul N, Koutsospyros A, Arienti P, et al. Effects of tungsten on environmental systems[J]. Chemosphere, 2005,61(2):248-258. |
| [35] | Smith E, Smith J, Smith L, et al. Arsenic in australian environment:An overview[J]. Journal of Environmental Science and Health,Part A, 2003,38(1):223-239. |
| [36] | Sharma V K, Sohn M. Aquatic arsenic:Toxicity,speciation,trans-formations,and remediation[J]. Environment International, 2009,35(4):743-759. |
| [37] | Koutros S, Lenz P, Hewitt S M, et al. RE:Elevated bladder cancer in northern new england:The role of drinking water and arsenic[J]. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2018,110(11):1273-1274. |
| [38] | Jiang G B, Shi J B, Feng X B. Mercury pollution in China[J]. En-vironmental Science & Technology, 2006,40(12):3672-3678. |
| [39] | 郑徽. 汞的毒性效应及作用机制研究进展[J]. 卫生研究, 2006,35(5):663-666. |
| [40] | 李友余. 铅污染对人体健康的影响[J].求知导刊,2019(6):26-27. |
| [41] | Li X L, Zhang Y X, Tan M G, et al. Atmospheric lead pollution in fine particulate matter in Shanghai,China[J]. Journal of Environ-mental Sciences, 2009,21(8):1118-1124. |
| [42] | Jarup L. Hazards of heavy metal contamination[J]. British Medical Bulletin, 2003,68:167-182. |
| [43] | Gheju M. Hexavalent chromium reduction with zero-valent iron(ZVI)in aquatic systems[J]. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 2011,222(1/2/3/4):103-148. |
| [44] | Mishra S, Bharagava R N. Toxic and genotoxic effects of hexav-alent chromium in environment and its bioremediation strategi-es[J]. Journal of Environmental Science and Health.Part C:Envi-ronmental Carcinogenesis Reviews, 2016,34(1):1-32. |
| [45] | Raval N P, Shah P U, Shah N K. Adsorptive removal of nickel(Ⅱ)ions from aqueous environment:A review[J]. Journal of Environ-mental Management, 2016,179:1-20. |
| [46] | Denkhaus E, Salnikow K. Nickel essentiality,toxicity,and carcino-genicity[J]. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, 2002,42(1):35-56. |
| [47] | Altaf W J. Botanical environmental monitors for zinc pollution re-sulting from vehicular traffic[J]. Journal of Radioanalytical & Nuclear Chemistry, 2007,271(3):665-670. |
| [48] | 刘军. 微量元素锌与人体健康[J]. 中国热带医学, 2003,3(1):64-66. |
| [49] | 刘哲华. 锌对人体健康影响的研究进展[J].微量元素与健康研究,2000(4):74-75. |
| [50] | Boreiko J C. Overview of health risk assessments for zinc[J]. Jour-nal of Toxicology and Environmental Health,Part A, 2010,73(2/3):166-174. |
| [51] | 贾兵, 张娟, 许姗, 等. 浅谈环境工程中的风险评价发展趋势与应用[J].城市建设理论研究,2013(9):1-4. |
| [52] | 刘腾, 邱兆富, 杨骥, 等. 废FCC催化剂的形态、成分分析及环境风险评价[J]. 无机盐工业, 2016,48(11):71-74. |
| [53] | 郝永利, 黄锐, 胡华龙. 浅析废烟气脱硝催化剂再生环境污染防治[J].中国环保产业,2015(3):48-50. |
| [54] | 郝永利. 浅析废烟气脱硝催化剂环境管理[J]. 环境与可持续发展, 2014,39(1):17-18. |
| [55] | Dai Z, Wang L, Tang H, et al. Speciation analysis and leaching be-haviors of selected trace elements in spent SCR catalyst[J]. Che-mosphere, 2018,207:440-448. |
| [56] | 王乐乐, 姚燕, 王丽朋, 等. 燃煤电厂废烟气脱硝催化剂处理利用技术探讨[J].华电技术,2017(9):71-74,83. |
| [57] | Wang L, Su S, Qing M, et al. Melting solidification and leaching behaviors of V/As during co-combustion of the spent SCR catalyst with coal[J]. Fuel, 2019,252:164-171. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
