以硝酸锌和氢氧化钠为原料,分别以水和醇作为溶剂,采用液相直接沉淀法合成纳米氧化锌。在以水为反应溶剂条件下,研究了反应时间、反应温度、反应物浓度和反应物配比对纳米氧化锌中位径和形貌的影响,得到制备较小中位径及合适长径比纳米氧化锌的最优反应条件,即:反应时间为3 h、反应温度为70 ℃、锌离子浓度为0.5 mol/L、锌离子与氢氧根浓度比为1:2。在上述最优反应条件下,研究了不同醇溶剂对纳米氧化锌中位径、形貌及其光催化性能的影响。研究发现,随着溶剂碳链长度的增长,纳米氧化锌中位径呈现上下波动,无明显变化规律,形貌由球状向柱状发展,光催化性能总体不断减弱。

Nano-sized zinc oxide was synthesized by direct liquid precipitation method with zinc nitrate and sodium hydroxide as raw materials and water and alcohol as solvent respectively.The effect of reaction time,reaction temperature,reactant concentration and reactant ratio on the medium diameter and morphology of nano-sized zinc oxide was studied under the condition of using water as the reaction solvent.The optimal reaction conditions for preparing nano-sized zinc oxide with small medium diameter and suitable length to diameter ratio were as follows:reaction time was 3 h,reaction temperature was 70 ℃,zinc ion concentration was 0.5 mol/L,the concentration ratio of zinc ion to hydroxyl was 1:2.Under this optimal reaction condition,the effects of different reaction solvents on the medium diameter,morphology and photocatalytic properties of nano-sized zinc oxide were investigated.It was found that with the increase of solvent carbon chain length,the median diameter of nano-sized zinc oxide fluctuated up and down without obvious change law,and the morphology was changed from a spherical shape develops to a columnar shape,and the photocatalytic performance continued to weaken on the whole.