介绍了稀土晶体的科学内涵,包括稀土晶体的概念、学科特色和分类。阐述了稀土晶体材料的研发现状,包括稀土磁学材料、光学材料、电学材料、催化材料、能源材料、合金材料以及稀土原料。指出中国已建成从稀土矿产勘探开采、选矿、萃取、分离、冶炼等稀土原材料生产技术到下游稀土结构与功能材料研发和工业生产体系,形成了全球门类最齐全、规模第一的稀土新材料产业体系,但是仍未系统掌握稀土高技术材料和器件领域的核心技术。针对创新引领能力不足、稀土资源高端利用能力不强等系列问题,中国还需要在基础科学研究、应用基础研究、产业发展、资源回收等方面进一步加强战略规划。

The scientific connotation of rare earth crystals,including the concept,discipline characteristics and classification,was introduced.The current R&D status of rare earth crystal materials,including rare earth magnetic materials,optical mate-rials,electrical materials,catalytic materials,energy materials,alloy materials and rare earth raw materials,was expounded.It was pointed out that China has built an industry system from rare earth raw materials production such as mineral exploration and exploitation,mineral selection,extraction,separation and smelting,to downstream R&D of rare earth structured and functional materials,and has formed the world′s most complete and first-largest rare earth new material industry system.How-ever,the core technology in the field of rare earth high-tech materials and devices has not been systematically mastered.In response to the lack of innovation,the high-value utilization of rare earth resources and other issues,China needs to further strengthen basic scientific research,applied fundamental research,industrial development,resource recovery and so on.