稀土是重要的新能源原材料,在现代工业发展中具有许多不可替代的用途。世界稀土资源丰富,但分布不均,近93.11%的稀土探明储量集中在美国、澳大利亚、俄罗斯、越南、巴西和中国等少数国家。作为中国最为重要的战略性优势矿产资源之一,稀土在全国范围内均有分布,矿床类型以碱性岩-碳酸岩型、花岗岩型、砂矿型和风化壳离子吸附型为主,集中分布于华北陆块北缘、内蒙大兴安岭、上扬子、下扬子、华南与三江等6个成矿省。通过分析国内外稀土矿床类型、资源分布特征,结合中国稀土矿产勘查开发的新进展,提出需加强稀土成矿理论及勘查技术研究,开展稀土高端材料和应用技术研发,统筹全国稀土资源进行合理开发利用与生态环境保护,建立可持续的国家稀土资源战略储备制度等建议。

Rare earth is an important material for new energy.It has many irreplaceable uses in the development of modern industry.The rare earth resources in the world are rich,but the distribution is not balanced.Nearly 93.11% of the proven rare earth reserves are concentrated in a few countries such as the United States,Australia,Russia,Vietnam,Brazil and China.As one of the most important strategic advantages of mineral resources in China,rare earth is distributed all over the country.The rare earth deposits are mainly of alkaline carbonatite type,granite type,placer type and weathering shell ion adsorption type in genesis,they are mainly distributed in six metallogenic provinces such as northern margin of north China block,Daxinganling of Inner Mongolia,upper Yangtze,lower Yangtze,south China and Sanjiang etc..By analyzing the type of rare earth deposits resource,distribution characteristics,and combined with the new progress of exploration and exploitation of rare earth ore in China,it is proposed that it is necessary to strengthen the research on the theory and exploration technology of rare earth mineralization,to research and development of rare earth high-end materials and application technologies,to coordinate the rational development and utilization of rare earth resources and ecological environmental protection,to establishing a sustainable national strategic reserve system of rare earth resources.