无机盐工业
主管:中海油天津化工研究设计院有限公司
主办:中海油天津化工研究设计院有限公司
   中海油炼油化工科学研究院(北京)有限公司
   中国化工学会无机酸碱盐专业委员会
ISSN 1006-4990 CN 12-1069/TQ

无机盐工业 ›› 2021, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (12): 117-121.doi: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2021-0369

• 环境·健康·安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

再生铝工业铝灰渣特性及其贮存环境风险防控

蔡彬1(),邓金珠2(),檀笑1,马若凡1,任婷艳1,奚蓉1   

  1. 1.生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,广东广州 510655
    2.肇庆市环科所环境科技有限公司
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-10 出版日期:2021-12-10 发布日期:2021-12-16
  • 作者简介:蔡彬(1987— ),男,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为固体废物属性鉴别与管理研究;E-mail: caibin@scies.org
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“固废资源化”重点专项“进口可用原料固废环境风险评估及关联响应研究”(2019YFC1904800)

Characteristics of aluminum ash slag in secondary aluminum industry and its storage environment risk prevention and control

CAI Bin1(),DENG Jinzhu2(),TAN Xiao1,MA Ruofan1,REN Tingyan1,XI Rong1   

  1. 1. South China Institute of Environmental Sciences,MEE,Guangzhou 510655,China
    2. Zhaoqing Environmental Science Institute Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd.
  • Received:2021-08-10 Published:2021-12-10 Online:2021-12-16

摘要:

针对再生铝工业铝灰渣贮存量大、处置难等现状所引发的环境污染问题,通过采集中国6家大型再生铝企业铝灰渣样品并进行物相定性和定量、遇水反应性等测试分析,研究了铝灰渣的成分和污染特性,并对铝灰渣的贮存环境风险防控提出建议。结果表明,再生铝企业铝灰渣中各物质含量从高到低依次是氧化铝、氮化铝、二氧化硅、铝、氧化镁、三氧化二铁、氧化钙、氟化铝以及微量的铜、锌等金属化合物,以铝单质及其化合物为主,总质量分数为74.8%~80.4%;所有铝灰渣样品均可以与水反应释放氨气,氨气比释放率为43.1~68.8 mg/kg;所有样品均可以与水反应释放氢气,氢气释放速率为0.5~1.5 L/(kg·h)。因此,铝灰渣的贮存过程应避免与水接触,并重点关注氨气和氢气的产生与扩散以及可能的事故风险。该研究结果可为再生铝工业铝灰渣的环境管理和贮存环境风险防控提供理论参考。

关键词: 再生铝工业, 铝灰渣, 污染特性, 环境风险

Abstract:

:In view of the environmental pollution problems caused by the large storage capacity and difficult disposal of alu-minum ash in recycled aluminum industry,the composition and pollution characteristics of aluminum ash were studied by co-llecting aluminum ash samples from 6 large recycled aluminum enterprises in China and testing and analyzing the phase qualitative and quantitative,water reactivity,etc.,and suggestions were put forward for the prevention and control of environ-mental risk of aluminum ash storage.The results showed that the contents of various substances in the aluminum ash of recy-cled aluminum enterprises from high to low were alumina,aluminum nitride,silicon dioxide,aluminum,magnesium oxide,iron oxide,calcium oxide,aluminum fluoride and trace copper,zinc and other heavy metal compounds,mainly aluminum and its compounds,with a total mass fraction of 74.8%~80.4%.All aluminum ash slag samples could react with water to release ammonia gas,and the ammonia gas specific release rate was 43.1~68.8 mg/kg;All samples could react with water to release hydrogen,and the hydrogen release rate was 0.5~1.5 L/(kg·h).Therefore,the storage process of aluminum slag should avoid contact with water,and pay attention to the generation and diffusion of ammonia and hydrogen,as well as possible accident risks.The research results could provide a theoretical reference for the environmental management of aluminum ash slag in the secondary aluminum industry and the prevention and control of storage environmental risks.

Key words: secondary aluminum industry, aluminum ash and slag, pollution characteristics, environmental risks

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