非贵金属电解水催化剂改性研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2021-0087

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氢能作为理想的二次能源,具有能量密度高、清洁无污染等特点,在能源转型过程中将发挥极为重要的作用。电解水制氢被认为是获取氢能最有潜力的绿色工艺,而高效电催化剂是制约电解水制氢快速发展的关键。贵金属催化剂具有优良的电催化性能,但由于成本和储量问题严重限制其推广应用,因而开发低成本高活性的非贵金属催化剂逐渐成为研究热点。为提高非贵金属催化剂的电催化性能,需要对其进行一系列的改性优化工作。综述了近几年国内外非贵金属电解水催化剂的改性研究进展,详细介绍了几何构造（一维、二维、三维结构）和电子调控（组成优化、晶面调控、缺陷构造、杂原子掺杂等）两种非贵金属催化剂的改性方法,并对今后非贵金属电解水催化剂改性发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: 电解水, 非贵金属催化剂, 几何构造, 电子调控

Abstract:

As an ideal secondary energy,hydrogen energy has the characteristics of high energy density,clean and pollution-free,and will play an extremely important role in the process of energy transition.Hydrogen production by water electrolysis is considered as the most promising green process for obtaining hydrogen energy,while high-efficiency electrocatalysts are the key to restrict the development of hydrogen production by water electrolysis.Noble metal catalysts have excellent electroca-talytic performance,but their promotion and application are severely restricted by the cost and reserves.Therefore,the devel-opment of low-cost and high-activity non-noble metal catalysts has gradually become a research hotspot.In order to improve the electrocatalytic performance of non-noble metal catalysts,a series of modification and optimization are needed.The research progress on the modification of non-noble metal catalysts for water electrolysis at home and abroad in recent years was reviewed.The modification methods of geometric construction（one-dimensional,two-dimensional,three-dimensional structure）and electronic regulation（composition optimization,crystal plane control,defect construction,heteroatom doping,etc.） were introduced in detail.The development direction of non-noble metal catalyst modification in future was also prospected.

Key words: water electrolysis, non-noble metal catalyst, geometric construction, electronic regulation

中图分类号:

O643.36

宋兆阳,贾立明,白红鑫,徐会青,刘全杰,杨阳. 非贵金属电解水催化剂改性研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2021, 53(7): 36-43.

Song Zhaoyang,Jia Liming,Bai Hongxin,Xu Huiqing,Liu Quanjie,Yang Yang. Research progress on modification of non-noble metal catalysts for water electrolysis[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2021, 53(7): 36-43.

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催化剂	电解液（KOH）浓度/（mol·L^-1）	基质	η₁₀/ mV	塔菲尔斜率/ （mV·dec^-1）
Co₃O₄纳米线^[51]	1	泡沫镍	339	82
Co₃O₄纳米片^[52]	1	碳纸	387	85
富缺陷Co₃O₄纳米片^[53]	0.1	钛箔	300	68
Co₃O₄纳米片组装空心球^[54]	1	玻碳电极	290	86
G/Co₃O₄^[55]	1	丝网印刷电极	304	110
Co₃O₄/NC^[56]	1	泡沫镍	235	80
{111}-Co₃O₄^[39]	1	泡沫镍	285	49
富缺陷{111}-Co₃O₄^[57]	1	泡沫镍	~230	49
P-Co₃O₄^[58]	1	泡沫镍	280	52

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