无机盐工业 ›› 2021, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (10): 28-35.doi: 10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2020-0612
收稿日期:
2020-11-13
出版日期:
2021-10-10
发布日期:
2021-10-11
通讯作者:
李忠
作者简介:
马鹏传(1995— ),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为煤基固废利用;E-mail: 基金资助:
Ma Pengchuan1(),Li Xing2,Wen Zhenyu1,Meng Fanhui1,Li Zhong1()
Received:
2020-11-13
Online:
2021-10-10
Published:
2021-10-11
Contact:
Li Zhong
摘要:
粉煤灰是燃煤电厂中煤粉燃烧后的固体废弃物,其日益累积不但会占用大量土地资源,还会破坏原有的自然环境,造成严重污染,近年来粉煤灰的处理和资源化利用受到广泛关注。激发粉煤灰的潜在活性是提高粉煤灰综合利用率的关键。对粉煤灰的物理活性和化学活性来源进行了介绍,并对粉煤灰活性的物理激发、水热激发及化学激发技术与激发机理进行了综述,为后续粉煤灰的活化研究和大规模利用提供了参考。不同手段均能激发粉煤灰活性,但采用单一手段激发时存在活化成本高、激发程度低等问题。未来粉煤灰激发技术将朝着多种手段并用的方向发展。
中图分类号:
马鹏传,李兴,温振宇,孟凡会,李忠. 粉煤灰的活性激发与机理研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2021, 53(10): 28-35.
Ma Pengchuan,Li Xing,Wen Zhenyu,Meng Fanhui,Li Zhong. Research progress on activation and mechanism of fly ash[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2021, 53(10): 28-35.
表3
粉煤灰的化学激发方法对比
激发方法 | 激发机理 | 优势 | 劣势 |
---|---|---|---|
酸激发 | H+侵蚀粉煤灰玻璃体表面,释放活性SiO2、Al2O3,进而提高水化反应程度 | 可单独激发粉煤灰活性,并可通过改变酸 类型和强度对粉煤灰进行不同程度的激发 | 对设备腐蚀性强,目前技术尚未成熟, 仍处于研究阶段 |
碱激发 | 通过OH-使得粉煤灰表面[AlO4]和[SiO4]发生解聚,破坏表面结构,释放玻璃体内的活性物质 | 可单独激发粉煤灰活性;可选用的激发剂 种类多,技术较成熟,可大规模使用 | 激发程度有限,碱过量会引发粉煤灰 材料内部发生碱集料反应,进而破坏 材料 |
盐激发 | 在碱性条件下,Cl-和SO42-与粉煤灰中的活性物质反应生成胶凝性物质,加速了粉煤灰中活性物质的释放 | 可解决粉煤灰“先天缺钙”问题,应用成本 低,前景广阔 | 必须与碱配合使用才能激发活性; SO42-或Cl-过量对粉煤灰材料及其中的 钢筋有腐蚀 |
有机溶 剂激发 | 有机碱溶剂中的孤对电子与粉煤灰中的Fe、Al相发生络合,腐蚀粉煤灰表面,加速释放活性SiO2、Al2O3 | 对胶凝材料的早期激发效果好,可通过螯 合作用减少金属离子对土壤的影响 | 单一使用时效果差,需配合无机碱才 能有效激发粉煤灰活性;原料成本高 |
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