锂离子电池材料钛酸锂钠的研究进展

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2020-0598

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

Na₂Li₂Ti₆O₁₄电池具有较低的电位平台（1.3 V）以及经济成本低的特点,对便携式电子设备、能源汽车、生态环境等领域具有重大意义。由于钛酸锂钠电池固有离子电导率低的特点,因此提高钛酸锂钠电池锂离子扩散系数是目前研究中的主流方向,为此综述了钛酸锂钠的结构特点以及合成方法对钛酸锂钠材料粒径、形貌及电池电化学性能的影响;对比了不同掺杂离子和表面包覆改性对钛酸锂钠电池的放电比容量、循环性能及离子扩散系数的影响。掺入适量元素铌具有更高的锂离子扩散系数;包覆碳纳米管有更大的容量保持率,更有助于进一步提高钛酸锂钠电池电化学性能。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 负极材料, 钛酸锂钠, 离子掺杂, 表面包覆

Abstract:

Na₂Li₂Ti₆O₁₄ battery has the characteristics of low potential platform（1.3V） and low economic cost,which is of great significance to portable electronic devices,energy vehicles,ecological environment and other fields.Due to the low intrinsic ionic conductivity of lithium sodium titanate battery,improving the lithium ion diffusion coefficient of lithium sodium titanate battery is the main research direction at present.Therefore,the structure characteristics of lithium sodium titanate and the influence of synthesis methods on the particle size,morphology and electrochemical performance of lithium sodium titanate were reviewed.The effect of different doping ions and surface coating modification on the discharge specific capacity,cycle performance and ion diffusion coefficient of lithium sodium titanate battery were compared.Adding proper amount of niobium led to higher lithium ion diffusion coefficient,and coated carbon nanotubes had higher capacity retention,which was helpful to further improve the electrochemical performance of lithium sodium titanate battery.

Key words: lithium ion battery, anode material, lithium sodium titanate, ion doping, surface coating

中图分类号:

TQ131.11

刘洋,蔡宗英,曹卫刚,刘玉召. 锂离子电池材料钛酸锂钠的研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2021, 53(10): 36-40.

Liu Yang,Cai Zongying,Cao Weigang,Liu Yuzhao. Research progress on lithium sodium titanate for lithium ion batteries[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2021, 53(10): 36-40.

图/表 3

图1

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表2

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掺杂离子	取代位置	最佳掺杂分子式	初始放电容量/（mA·h·g^-1）	容量保持率/%	锂离子扩散系数/（cm²·s^-1）
Sr^[28]	Na	Sr_0.5Na₂Ti₆O₁₄	184.0（50 mA/g）	96.09	2.365×10^-15
Li、Cu、Y、Ce、Nb^[29]	Na	Na_1.9Nb_0.1Li₂Ti₆O₁₄	259.4（100 mA/g）	94.7	2.44×10^-14
Al、V、Zr^[30]	Ti	Li₂Na₂Ti_5.9Al_0.1O₁₄	240.3（50 mA/g）	88.9	8.38×10^-15
Al^[31]	Li	Li_1.95Al_0.05Na₂Ti₆O₁₄	268.8（100 mA/g）	91.2	5.77×10^-15
Ba^[32]	Na	NaBa_0.5Li₂Ti₆O₁₄	109.6（50 mA/g）	99.1	1.53×10^-17
Ba^[33]	Na、Li	BaLi_0.5Na_1.5Ti₆O₁₄	163.9（50 mA/g）	100	2.1×10^-16（约）
Mg^[34]	Li	Li_1.95Mg_0.05Na₂Ti₆O₁₄	167.4（500 mA/g）	98.8	3.16×10^-15
Na、Mg、Cr、Ti、V^[35]	Li	Na₂Li_1.9Cr_0.1Ti₆O₁₄	262.2（100 mA/g）	91.3	1.95×10^-14
Li^[36]	Na	Na_2.05Li_1.95Ti₆O₁₄	302.9（100 mA/g）	91.6	8.28×10^-15

包覆材料	包覆方法	最佳包覆	形貌特征	初始放电比容量/（mA·h·g^-1）	容量保持率/%	锂离子扩散系数/（cm²·s^-1）
Li_0.33La_0.56TiO₃^[38]	固相法	5%（质量分数）	附着颗粒表面	156.7（500 mA/g）	88.0	5×10^-16
CB/GN/CNT^[39]	固相法	CNT	纳米管穿在颗粒之间	111.4（100 mA/g）	99.1	—
Cu/C^[40]	化学沉积法	0.2 L/g	包裹颗粒表面	140.1（50 mA/g）	85.9	—
MgF₂^[41]	化学沉积法	5.0%（质量分数）	包裹颗粒表面	483.4（50 mA/g）	77.2	2.49×10^-16
Er₂O₃^[42]	溶剂热法	4.0%（质量分数）	包裹颗粒表面	320.0（50 mA/g）	70.1	9.10×10^-15
Ag^[43]	化学沉积法	6.0%（质量分数）	附着颗粒表面	200.3（100 mA/g）	95.0	1.514×10^-15
C（木薯粉）^[44]	热分解法	12;1（原料与碳质量比）	包裹颗粒表面	101.7（0.1C）	61.2	—

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