工业石膏的资源化利用途径与展望

doi:10.19964/j.issn.1006-4990.2020-0558

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电力、钢铁、磷肥等工业生产过程中产生大量副产石膏,如不能妥善处理而将其大量搁置,不仅造成环境污染,而且导致资源浪费。副产石膏的无害化、大综化、高质化利用,已经成为工业发展中的热点话题。对国内工业副产品石膏中脱硫石膏和磷石膏在水泥、建材、农业、化工等领域应用和技术开发现状进行了总结,并对未来工业石膏资源化利用提出了建议。以工业石膏为原料制备硫酸联产水泥、铁酸钙以及转铵法制备硫酸的工业路线具有可行性,有望实现脱硫石膏和磷石膏的大规模利用。

关键词: 脱硫石膏, 磷石膏, 天然石膏, 综合利用

Abstract:

A large amount of by-product gypsum is produced in the process of industrial production,such as electric power,iron and steel,phosphate fertilizer,etc.If it cannot be properly treated and put it aside in large quantities,it will not only cause environmental pollution but also lead to waste resources.The harmless,comprehensive and high-quality utilization of by-pro-duct gypsum has become a topical focus in industrial development.The application and technical development status of desul-furization gypsum and phosphogypsum in cement,building materials,agriculture and chemical industry were summarized,and the suggestions for the resource utilization of industrial gypsum in the future were put forward.In this paper,it was pointed out that industrial routes such as preparing sulphuric acid co-production cement,calcium ferrite and conversion of ammonium to sulphuric acid by industrial gypsum were feasible,which would expect to realize the large-scale utilization of desulphuriza-tion gypsum and phosphogypsum.

Key words: desulfurization gypsum, phosphogypsum, natural gypsum, comprehensive utilization

中图分类号:

TQ132.32

刘林程,左海滨,许志强. 工业石膏的资源化利用途径与展望[J]. 无机盐工业, 2021, 53(10): 1-9.

Liu Lincheng,Zuo Haibin,Xu Zhiqiang. Resource utilization approach of industrial gypsum and its prospect[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2021, 53(10): 1-9.

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原料	w（CaO）	w（SiO₂）	w（Al₂O₃）	w（SO₃）	w（Fe₂O₃）
天然石膏	31.12	2.38	0.82	35.16	0.35
脱硫石膏	31.42	3.12	1.38	44.72	0.34
原料	w（MgO）	w（K₂O）	w（Na₂O）	烧失率
天然石膏	4.39	≤0.3	≤0.15	23.85
脱硫石膏	0.35	≤0.4	≤0.10	18.04

w（SO₃）	w（CaO）	w（SiO₂）	w（Al₂O₃）	w（MnO）	w（Fe₂O₃）	w（MgO）
32.20	28.63	17.06	0.236	≤0.1	0.212	≤0.03
w（K₂O）	w（Na₂O）	w（P₂O₅）	w（F）	w（水）	w（其他）	pH
≤0.1	≤0.1	0.70	≤0.5	18.84	1.441	3.11

类型	方法	反应物	反应温度/℃	产物	优点（O）和缺点（X）
相转变法	水热法	石膏	120 （高压）	半水合物（HH）	纯度高（O）条件苛刻（X）
	盐溶液法	石膏、 HCl、CaCl₂	98~101	HH	常压条件（O）污染环境（X）
	盐溶液法	石膏、 H₂SO₄、CaCl₂	102~120	HH	常压条件（O）污染环境（X）
	有机溶剂法	石膏、甘油	110	HH	常压条件（O）高成本（X）
结晶法	结晶法	石膏、无机酸	70~110	二水合物（DH）	杂质去除（O）低性能（X）

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