盐湖卤水中锂的分离提取研究进展

doi:10.11962/1006-4990.2020-0051

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自2015年新能源汽车的爆发式增长,使得世界锂的需求量急速增加,加速锂资源的开发具有重要意义。中国境内锂资源颇为丰富,主要存在于锂矿与盐湖卤水中,其中以盐湖卤水为主。而卤水提锂以其能耗低、成本低等显著优势成为未来获取锂资源的重要方向。总结归纳了现有的卤水提锂方法,重点阐述了目前研究较多的萃取法、吸附法、膜分离法和电化学法。目前,萃取法大多以萃取剂-氯化铁-稀释剂为萃取体系,着重对萃取剂与稀释剂的种类进行研究;吸附法中吸附剂为实验的关键,近年来铝基吸附剂和离子筛型吸附剂成为研究的热点,如何造粒以及如何降低溶损率将成为今后主要的研究方向;膜分离法中提高吸附容量是使用膜分离法从卤水中提锂的关键,膜分离法中纳滤膜与电渗析较为成熟; 关于电化学提锂,研究人员提出使用不同的吸附剂作为电极材料,提锂效果得到显著提高,电化学提锂这一新方法的崛起为卤水提锂提供了新思路。

关键词: 盐湖卤水, 锂, 萃取, 离子筛吸附, 纳滤, 电渗析, 电化学

Abstract:

Since the explosive growth of new energy vehicles in 2015,the demand for lithium has increased rapidly in the world.Therefore,it is of great significance to accelerate the development of lithium resources. Lithium resources in China are quite abundant,mainly existing in lithium ore and salt lake brine,and salt lake brine is the main source. With the significant advantages of low energy consumption and low cost,lithium extraction from brine has become an important direction for obtaining lithium resources in the future. The existing methods of extracting lithium from brine were summarized,and the extraction method,adsorption method,membrane separation method and electrochemical method that currently being studied were expounded emphafically.At present,FeCl₃-diluent is still used as extraction system in most extraction methods.The types of extractants and diluents were studied primarily.In the adsorption method,adsorbents are the key to the experiment.In recent years,aluminum-based adsorbents and ionic sieve adsorbents have become the focus of research,How to granulate and how to reduce the dissolution loss rate will become the main research direction in the future.In membrane separation,the key of the two methods is to improve the adsorption capacity,and nanofiltration and electrodialysis in membrane separation method are relatively mature.As for electrochemical lithium extraction,researchers proposed to use different adsorbents as electrode materials to significantly improve the lithium extraction effect.The rise of electrochemical lithium extraction method provides a new idea for lithium extraction from brine.

Key words: salt-lake brine, lithium, extraction, ion screen adsorption, nanofiltration, electrodialysis, the electrochemistry

中图分类号:

TQ131.11

吴静,任秀莲,魏琦峰. 盐湖卤水中锂的分离提取研究进展[J]. 无机盐工业, 2020, 52(12): 1-6.

Wu Jing,Ren Xiulian,Wei Qifeng. Research progress on separation and extraction of lithium from salt-lake brine[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2020, 52(12): 1-6.

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